Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: TOOLS AND MACHINES CHAPTER I. TOOLS, UTENSILS. INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, APPARATUS AND MACHINES A Man sees a ripe apple on a tree and he pulls it from the tree with one hand. He may see another apple that is higher up and beyond his reach. He picks up a broken branch fallen from some tree and with it pulls the bough of the apple tree down until he can reach the apple. In the first instance he used his unaided hands; in the second he used a tool. A man sees a stone partly buried in the ground. It seems to be a good stone to put in the wall of a house. He tries to lift the stone, but cannot, and he looks about for a stout stick with which to pry it up. The stick is a tool. He sees a bunch of ripe grapes on a vine and he finds- a flat stone with a sharp edge that he can use as a knife to cut the stem of the bunch of grapes. The sharp stone is a cutting tool. A girl sewing is using a tool. A man spading up a garden or uprooting weeds uses a tool. An artist using a brush, or a sculptor a chisel is doing work with a tool. Such work, whetherdone by a laborer, a gardener, a painter, or a sculptor, is mechanical work. Tools are things used in meclian- ical work. A tool, in one sense, may be anything with which work may be done. A writer may call his books, his pen and his paper the tools of his trade. The captain of a coast-survey steamer may call his ship a great tool. These wider meanings of the word need not now concern us; we will confine our attention to those special things used in mechanical work and commonly called tools. A girl breaks an egg into a bowl, and, holding a fork in one hand, beats the yolk and white of the egg until she has a mixture of the two. She has used a tool in doing mechanical work, and. has made a mechanical mixture. She then pours this mixture i...