Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER IV TYPE-FOUNDING TROM the time of the invention of typography Beginnings of until the middle of the sixteenth century, print- type-found- ers mac[e thgjj. own type. Many printing-offices had only four or five sizes, and but small quantities of these. After 1550 the casting of types became a distinct business. Claude Garamond, of Paris, a pupil of Geoffroy Tory, the great French engraver and printer, is known as the " father of letter-founders." In England, the first founder of note was Joseph Moxon, who began letter-cutting in 1659; but neither Moxon 's types nor those of his immediate successors could compare with the type cast in France and Holland. William Caslon, who established a foundry about 1720, had greater success. His work possessed such technical excellence that England soon ceased to purchase type from Holland. This house was controlled by the Caslon family to the fifth generation, and is still successful and flourishing. In America, type-casting was attempted as early as 1768. The first regular foundry was established by Christopher Sauer, at Germantown, Pennsylvania, about 1772. Several unsuccessful efforts to establish foundries in the United States were made by various PUNCH. DEIVE. TYPE—SHOWING FACE1 A.Mj NICK.' MOULD—SHOWING THE TWO PABTS. persons, among whom was Benjamin Franklin. In 1796 Binney and Ronaldson, of Edinburgh, began the business in Philadelphia. This was the first foundry which lasted for many years. The house was subsequently known as the Johnson Foundry, afterwards as the Mac Kellar, Smiths, and Jordan branch of the American Type-Founders Company. Successful foundries were established, also, in New York, early in the nineteenth century, by Elihu White and D. and G. Bruce. Until near the middle of the...