PRIMITIVE CHRISTIANITY AND EARLY CRITICISMS A WORK OF NEGATION BY A. S. GARRETSON BOSTON SHERMAN, FRENCH COMPANY 191S , FlUSHCM TO TUB MEMORY OF PROFESSOR H. C. POWEES CURATOR OF THK ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND LKTTERS OP SIOOI CITY, IOWA. It is conceivable that religion may be morally useful without being intellectually sustainable. J. S. Mill. Is there a unity between universal mind and ex ternal nature Aristotle. How can that which is eternal be created in time Bishop Berkeley. Do right and wrong exist by nature or by institution The fierceness of the lion is not expended in fight ing with its own kind the sting of the serpent is not aimed at the serpent the monsters of the sea, and the fishes, vent their rage only on those of a different species. But with man, by Hercules most of his misfortunes are occasioned by man. Winy. CHAPTER HEADS PROLOGUE I HISTORICAL SUMMARY JESUS PA TIL THE GOSPELS FATHERS OF THE CHURCH THE NICENB COUNCIL THE REFOR MATION II CRITICISMS PHILO JUSTUS JOSEPHUS PUNT PLU TARCH SENECA TACITUS PLINY, THE CON SUL LUCIAN SUETONIUS JUVENAL APU LEIUS EUSEBIUS CEILSUS JULIAN III SIBYLLINE BOOKS THE LOGOS NEO PLATONISM MOHAMMEDANISM IV THE SCHOOLS OF GREECE V PARALLELS EARLY BELIEFS MIRACU LOUS CONCEPTIONS VI THE NAZARENE CHURCH VII STROMATA APOTHEOSIS THE RBSUBRBOTION ARIA. NISM THBJOTOKOS THE TRINITY. VIII DUALISM CONTENTS PROLOGUE Page AGNOSTICISM .............. 18 BELIEFS ................ 7-FAITH ................. 12 MARTYRDOM .............. 11 MARTYRDOM OF ST. VINCENT ........ 17 POLYTHEISM .............. 13 PROPHECY .............. 12 RELICS ................. 16 RITES ................. 10 CHAPTER I ATTITUDE OF CONSTANTINE, THE ...... 36 ATTITUDE OF HADRIAN, THE ........ 34 DECREE OF MILAN ............ 42 FATHERS OF THE CHURCH ......... 26 GREEK CHURCH, THE ........... 44 QOSPElL, ORAL AND TRADITIONAL. ...... 28 INSPIRATION .............. 31 NA ARBNES, THE ............. 28 NBW1 TESTAMENT CANON, THE ....... 40 NICENE COUNCIL AND CREEiD ........ 36 SYNOPTIC GOSPELS ............ 24 CHAPTER II CRITICISMS ApUletUS .............. .98 Aureliu ............... 69 CelsuB ................ 70 Wonyslus ............... 100 Domitlan ......... ..... 66 Epietotus ......... ..... 68 Buseblus ............... 100 Hierocle ................ 9 Josephua ............... 49 Julian . ................ W Justus Juvenal CONTENTS Page Lucian 66 Martial 65 Numenius 99 Philo 45 Phlegon 99 Pliny 49 Pliny, the Consul 68 Plutarch 68 Seneca 47 Suetonius 65 Tacitus 61 Talmud, The 47 Trajan, Emperor 61 EXTANT LETTERS OF JESUS 101 GREEK TEXT OF THE GOSPElL CHANGED .... 66 LOGOS, THE 46 CHAPTER III LOGOS, THE 106 MOHAMMEDANISM 113 NEOPLATONISM 108 SARACEN PHILOSOPHERS 119 SIBYLLINE BOOKS 103 CHAPTER IV AQUINAS, ST. THOMAS, ATTITUDE OF 153 CHRISTIAN ETHICS 18S CYNICS, THE IM CYRENAIC PHILOSOPHERS, THE 136 DECREE OF GALE. RIUS 108 EPICUREANS, THE 135 ETHICS OF HENRY GEORGE, THE 186 ETHICS OF LUCRETIUS 139 ETHICS OF ROUSSEAU, THE 189 ETHICS OF THOS. JEFFERSON, THE 190 HUMANISTS, THB 151 INQUISITION, THE . . , , .173 MARTYRDOM OF Bruno 170 Hypatla 170 Huss, John ,.,.. 171 James, tho Brother of Jesu .,...,. 106 Jesus .,., 160 Jotm the Baptist . 160 --This text refers to the Paperback edition.