Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER THREE The Civilization As Reflected In Philosophy i. Location of philosophical schools; invasion of French schools by foreigners. ii. Delimitation of the several sciences; philosophy distinct from the seven liberal arts and from theology. iii. Harmony of the feudal sense of personal worth with the philosophical doctrine that the individual alone exists, iv. The feudal civilization and the anti-realistic solution of the problem of universals. Such a civilization was ripe for the things of the spirit. And so it came about that culture, both intellectual and philosophical, burst into bloom in this flowering season of things mediaeval. As a plant of rare nature, it shot up in the midst of an exuberant garden. We shall limit ourselves to a threefold consideration of the reflection of civilization in philosophy during the twelfth century: namely, the localization of schools; the definite distinction of the several branches of learning; the affirmation in philosophical terms of the worth of human personality. First, it was quite natural that philosophical life should be subjected to the confinement of that same local spirit which appeared everywhere. All over France numerous independent schools were gathered about the cathedrals and the abbeys. Each was a child of liberty, a literary republic, depending only on bishop or abbot; for in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries there was no government control of education. Each school sought to outrival the others by increasing its library, by attracting professors of renown, and by drawing students to its intellectual tournaments. This educational regime was salutary, for it promoted the study of the sciences and raised a legion of remarkable humanists, theologians, lawyers, and philosophers. We need but cite the scho... --This text refers to the Paperback edition.