MODERN UNDERPINNING DEVELOPMEhTT, METHODS AND TYPICAL EXAMPLES. Originally published in 1917 - PREFACE - THE authors of this volume, being familiar with the development of the art of underpinning from its rather crude methods in 1900 to its present highly developed state, and having unusual opportunities to gather valuable first-hand material through the generosity of Smith, Hauscr c91 lIacIsaac, Inc., WILEY ESGINEERING SERIES. THE Wiley Engineering Series will embrace books devoted to single subjects. The object of the series is to place in the hands of the practising engineer all the essential information regarding the particular subject in which he may be inter- ested. Extraneous topics are excluded, and the contents of each book are confined to the field indicated by its title. It has been considered advisable to make these books man- uals of practice, rather than theoretical discussions of the subjects treated. The theory is fully discussed in text-books, hence the engineer who has previously mastered it there is, as a rule, more interested in the practice. The Wiley Engineering Series therefore will present the most approved practice, with only such theoretical discussion as may be necessary to elucidate such practice. Contents include: CHAPTER I GENERAL .PECTS-INDEKIINIPG PAGE DEFIXED-PAYMENT FOR I-KDER- PISSISG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I CHAPTER I1 146, 148, and 150 Viilliam Street . . 14j-,jjilliamStrect . . . . . Rank of Anicrica . . . . . . . Sational City Bank . . . . . . LordsCourtBuilding. . . . . . 135 Villinri Strect . . . . . . . Iiuhn-I.oelj Builcling . . . . . . Tnderpinning Elevated-Railroad Coluilns LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS William Street looking south from Maiden Lane, New York City Frontispiece PLATE I-Method of shoring used in 1902 during subway construction PLATE PAGE in New York City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2-Method known as protection used above water-level . . I I PLATE g-Combination above water-level of underpinning and protection methods used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...