HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS - 1913 - PREFACE - THIS text is offered to teachers of elementary physics with the hope that it will not only prove to be teachable in method, but also that it may possess that human touch which will make it interesting to read as well as profitable to study. The chief characteristics of the book are a CONTENT The essentials of elementary physics. b LANGUAGE S imple in style and accurate in statement. c ILLUSTRATIO Of NS th e five hundred and fifty illustrations used more than three hundred are line engravings, especially prepared to serve as part of the regular recitation work. d EXERCISES The exercises and problems are simple in content and are placed in the text in immediate connection with the topics which they were written to explain. e SUPPLEMENTH erein is placed a large amount of supplementary material, as for example a Presentation of topics of special interest to certain localities and individual students, b discussion of modern theories, such as the electron theory of matter, c biographical sketches, d tables of physical constants, e supplementary problems. This supplementary material is classiJied and placed in order, where it may be made use of as occasion and opportunity demand. The authors desire to thank their colleagues, of the University of Michigan, Dr. Karl E. Guthe, Dean of the Graduate Department, Prof. N. H. Williams, and Mr. L. D. Rich, for a careful and critical reading of the manuscript. JOHN 0. REED WILLIAM D. HENDERSON . ANN ARBOR, May, 1913 CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY . CHAPTER I . FUNDAMEN P T H A Y L SI CALC ONCEPTS . General Principles . . . . . . . . . Standards of Measurement . . . . . . . MECHANICS . CHAPTER I 1 . FORC A E N D MOTION . . . . . . Motion. Velocity. Acceleration . . . . . . Newtons Laws of Motion . . . . . . . Units of Force . . . . . . . . . . . Composition and Resolution of Forces . . . CHAPTERI1 1 . MECHANICS O F SOLIDS . . . . . Centrifugal Force and its Applications . . . . Gravitation. Gravity. Center of Gravity. Stability The Pendulum . . . . . . . . . . Work. Power. Energy . . . . . . . . Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTERI V . MECHANIC O S F FLUID . S . . . . Properties of Fluids . . . . . . . . . Pressure Due to Liquids . . . . . . . . Buoyancy of Liquids . . . . . . . . . Density andspecific Gravity . . . . . . Pressure Due to Gases . . . . . . . . Applications of Air Pressure . . . . . . CHAPTER V . MOLECULAR MECHANICS . . . . Some Special Properties of Matter . . . . . Surface Tension and Capillary Action . . . . Diffusion and Absorption . . . . . . . PAQE a . . . 1 . . . . 1 . . . . 7 CONTENTS HEAT CHAPTER V1 . HEAT . . . Temperature . . . . Measurement of Heat . Expansion . . . . . Change of State . . . Cold by Artificial Means Transmission of Heat . Relation of Heat to Work ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM CHAPTERV 11 . MAGNETISM AN D ELECTROSTATIC . S . . . . Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Static Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTERV 111 . CURRENT E LECTRICIT . Y . . . . . . . The Electric Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kinds of Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemical Effects of a Current . . . . . . . . . . Units of Electrical Quantit. ies . . . . . . . . . . a n e tEifcfe cts of a Current . . . . . . . . . . Electrical Measuring Instruments . . . . . . . . . Ohms Law and its Applications . . . . . . . . . Heating Effect of a Current . . . . . . . . . . . Power Expended by a Current . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER I X . ELECTROMAGNE I T N IC D UCTIO . N . . . . ...