Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER III Differences Between That And Which 26. From the examples cited under textit{that and textit{which, it is apparent that the two relatives were, in general, used to perform like duties. A few differences, however, are to be noted. A. textit{That is usually employed (1) after nouns preceded by the definite article; (2) personal pronouns; and (3) superlatives. B, textit{Which is usually employed (1) if a preposition appears before the relative; (2) if the antecedent is the name of a country or river; and (3) to refer to whole sentences or sentence members. 27. Schrader, pp. 32-37, in discussing this topic, holds that textit{which is preferred to textit{that (1) when the relative clause attributes a special characteristic to the antecedent, and (2) when the relative stands at the beginning of a number of clauses, all of which refer to the relative and its antecedent as a kind of text. Though these distinctions may not be entirely correct, a view taken by E. A. Kock, p. 36, §104, they do point to the fact noted in the following quotation from C. Alphonso Smith, "Short Circuit in English Syntax," that textit{which has "greater carrying power than textit{that", and when placed after its antecedent it commands a more unobstructed view through the clauses following than textit{that: "Moreover, among relative pronouns it can be easily proved that textit{who and textit{which have greater carrying power than textit{that. There is noticeable a tendency, at least in Modern English, to substitute textit{and who or textit{and which for textit{and that in a series of relative clauses beginning with textit{that. The writer or speaker feels instinctively that in textit{and that there is a possibility of mistaking relative for demonstrative textit{that, whereas textit{who...