PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION. . THE changes in the present volume include a description of the new universal viscosimeter, improved methods for the detection of antifluor escents, and of appIying the spontaneous combus tion test. The portions of the work dealing with the detection of animal and vegetable oiIs, the treatment of unsaponifiable matter, and the tur pentines have been entireIy rewritten. A new chapter upon waste fats and oiIs has been added in view of their increasing importance. Other additions are a description of the titer test, another method for sulphur in burning oils, and some new tables. As in the past, minor changes and corrections have been made, thus bringing-it is hoped-the book well up to present practice. BOSTON N , ovember, 1908. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EIIITION. THIS little book wa-s written primarily to meet the needs of the authors own classes. It is given to the public in the beIief that there is a demand for a concise manuaI for the analysis of oils, which shall give the methods of applying the usual physi cal and chemical tests to the mineral as well ss to the animal and vegetable oils. It is not designed to take the place of any of the existing books, but rather to serve as an introduction to them, more especiaIly to Benedikt-Lewkowitsch, which is to the oiI chemist what Fresenius is to the analytical chemist, and to which the writer wishes to express his own indebtedness. The writings of Schaedler, Redwood, AIIen, and Brannt have also been freely consulted. Only the more commonly occurring oils are discussed, and these as regards their preparation, properties, analytical constants,-the highest, lowest, and average being given,-and finally their uses and adulterants. In the use of this book it is assumed that the student is thoroughIy familiar with the usual opcrations of volumetric and gravirnetric analysis, and has attained some proficiency in organic chemistry. Acknowledgments are due to Mrs. Ellen H. Richards for hints and suggestions, and to Mr. Williarn L. Root for assistance in reading the proof. BOBTON N , ovember, 1897. 5 CONTENTS. PART I, PHYBICA A L N D CHEMICAL T ESTS. CHArnR I. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS. a Burning Oils. Nagh and Fire Testdpecific Gravit y-Distillation Teat--Determination of Sdphur-Acidity-SuIphuric Acid Teat - Test for Mineral Salts-Water.. ...................... 13 CEIAPTER 11. PETEIOLEUM PRODUrnS. b Lubricating 011s. Visc08ity-Specifi Graety-Evapomtion401d-F1mh rtnd Fire Tests-Tests for Soap and Antifluorescenta-Gum ming Teat-Friction. Tests. ............................ 26 CHAPTER 111. mIMAL AND VEGETABLE OIIg. Specific Gravi ty-Valenta-EIaidin-BIaumen6 Teat--Todine Number-Bromine Number-Saponifimtion VdutGDe tection of Unsaponifiable Oils--Special Tests-Free Acid and Spontaneous Combustion Testa-Drying Test.. ...... 49 CHAPTER IV. GENERAL CONSIDEWTIONB RIWARDmT LUBRICANTS. CONTENTS. PART 11. CHAPTER V. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS. Naphthss-Gasolenes-Kerosenes-Lubricating Oils. ......... 99 CHAPTER VI. VEGETABLE OILS. 1 Drying Oils. Linseed, Raw, Boiled, and Bleached--Chinese Wood-Poppyseed--Sunflower.. .................................... 103 2 Semi-Drying Oils. Corn-Cotton-seed4esame-Rape-seed-Castor.. .............