Thanks to the Tibetan Development Assistance Trust for providing 119,769.40 RMB. This, plus the local contribution of 18,000 RMB, created a Sanitation Improvement Project valued at 137,869.40 RMB that benefited 630 local Tibetans (90 households). Village leader, Dongzhi (b. 1971), said, "Before the project, residents defecated and urinated in the village, resulting in very poor village sanitation. Particularly the elderly and small children used sheep pens and cowsheds as toilets. These practices led to infectious diseases passing between people and livestock. It was very smelly in the village in summer. After we built the Tibetan Development Assistance Trust sponsored toilets, local sanitation conditions have greatly improved and people will be healthier. Every village household now has a toilet. Villagers will also collect waste from the toilets and use as fertilizer on their fields."