Megapleuron rochei Gaudry 1881 from the lower Permian of France is redescribed. Small juvenile specimens from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Illinois are placed in the same genus as the new species M. zangerli. The genus differs from all other contemporaneous dipnoans in the arrangement of the bones in the skull roof Includes bibliographical references (p. 393-396) Megapleuron rochei Gaudry 1881 from the lower Permian of France is redescribed. Small juvenile specimens from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Illinois are placed in the same genus as the new species M. zangerli. The genus differs from all other contemporaneous dipnoans in the arrangement of the bones in the skull roof Fieldiana series has been published as Geological Series by Field Columbian Museum (1895-1909) and Field Museum of Natural History (1909-1943), and as Fieldiana: Geology by Chicago Natural History Museum (1945-1966) and Field Museum of Natural History (1966-)