This book, Manaazir al Masaaib (Glimpses of Ordeals), presents detailed arguments against many established Islamic beliefs. In particular it questions the basis for following the generally accepted line of succession to the founder of Islam, including the legitimacy of the Umayyad rulers, with special reference to the first two, and demonstrates that this has no basis. It argues for a complete theological and moral re-evaluation of ideas associated with this and other beliefs, refuting all along many that are seen as not only outdated but also contradicting moral and theological arguments and historical evidence. This book is a companion volume to the author's other book dealing with related themes and entitled Misbaah-uz-Zulam Al-Eedhaah-ul-Mubham (The Lamp for Darkness and The Elucidation of the Obscure), available at Million Books Internet Archive.