An outline of the rise of biology and of the epochs in its history.--Vesalius and the overthrow of authority in science.--William Harvey and experimental observation.--Tbhe introduction of the microscope and the progress of independent observation.--The progress of minute anatomy.--Linnaeus and scientific natural history.--Cuvier and the rise of comparative anatomyy--Bichat and the birth of histology.--The rise physiology. Harvey. Haller. Johannes Müller.--Van Baer and te rise of embryology.--The cell-theory. Schleiden. Schwann. Schultze.--Protoplasm te physical basis of life.--The work of Pasteur, Koch, and others.--Heredity and germinal continuity. Mendel. Galton. Weismann.--The science of fossil like.--What evolution is; the evidence upon which it rests, etc.--Theories of evolution. Lamarck. Darwin.--Theories continued. Weismann. De Vries.--The rise of evolutionary thought.--Retrospect and prospect. Present tendencies in biology 1