THEOLOGY: In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. ‘Praise be to God, The Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds’. May Peace and Blessings of God be upon app. 124thousand Prophets of God from Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Ayub, Idris, Zul-kifl, Job, Luqman, Salih, Suhaib, Lot, Jonah, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Eliza, Zachariah, Elia’s (John) Jesus Christ and Muhammad (Sal). May Peace and Blessings of God be upon thee and thine family. “‘PEACE’ A WORD OF SALUTATION FROM THE LORD MOST MERCIFUL” R E A D . I read an article, ‘HOW TO READ A PERSON LIKE A BOOK.’ One should know, ‘How to read a book.’ R E A D : Means to understand the context of the paragraph or verses READ. “Seeing they see not, hearing they hear not, neither they understand nor do they come to the right path.” (All the Prophets had said this) CONTEXT: People are neither blind nor deaf; but, whatever they read or hear, do not reach their mind, hence they could not come to the right path thereby they are deaf and blind. Here, ‘SEEING’ means understanding the Teachings. Similarly: If you see me, you see my Father (God). (Bible) Context: See me: Is it seeing Christ Jesus now? No, then what does it mean? See me: If you understand my (Christ Jesus’) teachings it will help you to understand God. Teachings of Christ Jesus refer John:- 17 : 03. AND “I and my God are one.” Context: In purpose, the Sender (God) and the messenger (Christ Jesus) are one. Style: Every language has its style; the above verses were conveyed by the Jews to Greece in Hebrew. In Hebrew alone the word Father used to refer God also, so while translating, it should be translated in the way or style used/permitted in OTHER language. In English father means our mother’s husband. INTRODUCTION COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RELIGIONS Man lives in society. Our lives are bound with the lives of others willingly or unwillingly, directly or indirectly. We eat the food grown in the same soil, drink water, from the same spring and breathe the same air. Even while staunchly holding our own views, it would be helpful, if we try to adjust ourselves to our surroundings, if we also know to some extent, how the mind our neighbor moves and what the main springs of his actions are. From this angle of vision it is highly desirable that one should try to know all religions of the world, in the proper sprit, to promote mutual understanding and better appreciation of our neighborhood, immediate and remote. In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Read In the name Of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created- Created man, out of A (mere) clot Of congealed blood: ( Holy Qura’n) KARKA KASADARA KARP-PAVAI KATTRA-PIN NIRKKA ATHARKKU THAHA. Thiru-kural Meaning :- Meaning :- (Karka) Read, (kasadara) without mistake, (karpavai) the articles read, (kattra-pin) having rightly understood, (nirka atharku thaha) follow as you have read. G I T A N J A L I This is my prayer to Thee, my Lord---strike, strike at the root of penury in my heart. Give me the strength lightly to bear my joys and sorrows. Give me the strength to make my love fruitful in service. Give me the strength never to disown the poor or bend my knees before insolent might. Give me the strength to raise my mind high above daily trifles. And give me the strength to surrender my strength to Thy Will with love. How this poet got Nobel Prize for the above poem/poetry??????? It is because he is praying to God alone and not to any imaginary deities or idols of gods, goddess or godly man. Written by Rabindranath Tagore. P H I L O S O P H Y HUMAN BEING It is the highly sophisticated and complicated living machine on earth. This can be further divided into three, out of which one is visible, physical body and other two (Soul and Living Mechanism) are invisible but understood, like air, electricity and etc., I will brief the same with an example. Imagine a man riding a horse. If some one shot the horse, the remaining is the dead body of the horse and the Rider. What is missing? The functioning (Living Mechanism) of the horse is stopped. The horse has lost its Energizer. Now you will realize that there were three distinct matters. One is the Rider, secondly the body of the horse and thirdly the Energizer of the horse. Carry this to analyze a man. Man is in possession of a cellular body, Energizer and Soul (Mr./Mrs.Rider) When Energizer (capacity of producing energy) is removed by killing or by natural death, the cellular body becomes dead body and the Soul escapes. His brain is different from the rest of the living organism. To every organism other than human being the Creator has preprogrammed their (sixth sense) life style. But every human being (omnivorous) can choose his/her life panel by using their reasoning capacity (distinguish) which God has not given to other living things. You can choose, you have the ability to differentiate what is right and wrong. In possession of a natural weapon called INTELLIGENT, comprised in the brain. Analyze :- Assume, If intelligent is ONE If education is NINE If criminology is EIGHT If aloofness is ZERO Then see the mathematic of the Nature. 1 x 9 = 9 1 x 8 = 8 1 x 0 = 0 Here intelligent is constant while the output (the result) is same of the input. We knew all the major living things have five senses, eyes, ears, nose, mouth and sensitive of skin. But other than human being they posses the sixth sense that which is programmed in their gene, for example if you notice a new born calf, it will get up in few minutes and will start to get its feed from the mother which you and me did not do by birth, we are helpless we are to be fed otherwise we die!. Where do we differ? We have the capacity to choose and improve our knowledge. Man alone can choose a way of life by his own choice!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! There are two ways only, 1. One leads to Heaven (Endless Bliss) and 2. The second leads to hell (Endless Torment) ?????????????? Choice is yours. Animals have no choice, they obey the nature and they don’t suicide. Who is God? And What is He ? The word ‘God’ does not suit to refer the Creator, because this word ‘God’ in English undergoes changes in numbers, genders and so on, such as gods, goddess, god-father, god-mother, godly-man, there is no other go in English language hence we have to use the same word, ‘God’ to refer The Creator and Sustainer of the Worlds. God, here is an acid test to know about God, if any one or anything passes this test then that man or that thing is God. In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. 1. Say, He is God, The One and Only; 2. God, the Eternal, Absolute; 3. He begetteth not, Nor He is begotten, 4. And there is none Like unto Him. Note: - ‘It is not befitting to the Majesty of God to beget a son or a daughter’. (Begetting is a mammal’s act.) God is He, Whose Attributes are, (there are 99 attributes mentioned in Qura’n) Many Non-Muslim have misunderstood that Allah is ‘the God of Muslims’ as they do have many gods. It is wrong; Allah is an Arabic word meaning God. In Arabic, for God there few other words are there: Arabic and Hebrew are sister language rooted from Aramic. 1. Elahi in Hebrew Elohi, 2. Ahadh in Hebrew Ehadh. 3. Yahuwa in Hebrew Yehowa . God :- The Incomparable One. The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful, The Cherisher, The Sustainer, The Creator, The Omnipotent, The Irresistible, The Guardian of Faith, The Protector, The Helper, The Lord of Bounties, The Most Bountiful, The Most Kind, The Most Beneficent, The Most Forgiving, The Most High, God is verily Great, The Most Forbearing, The Self -Sufficient, The Wisest of Judges, The Best of planners, The Exalted in Power and Wise, Worthy of all Praises, Living, There is nothing like unto Him, Absolute and Eternal. Disposer of affairs, The Wise. The Supreme; The Sovereign, The Holy One. The Source of Peace and Perfection. The Preserver of Safety, The Exalted in Might, Master of the Day of Judgment, The Evolver, The Bestower of Forms. ( Holy Qura’n }. Praise be to God. In Arabic: AL-HUMTHU LILLAH In Hebrew: ALLA - LUYA In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. It is God, Who is my Lord And your Lord; Then worship Him, This is the Way That is straight. And put thy trust In God, and enough is God As a Disposer of affairs. “Your God is One God There is no god, but He, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.” This is the true account: There is no god Except God; And God – He is indeed The Exalted in power The Wise. God is He, than Whom There is no other god; - Who knows (all things) Both secret and open; He, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. God is He, than Whom There is no other god; The Sovereign, the Holy One The Source of Peace (and Perfection). The Guardian of Faith, The Preserver of Safety, The Exalted in Might, The Irresistible, the Supreme; Glory to God! (High is He) Above the partners They attribute to Him. He is God, the Creator, The Evolver, The Bestower of Forms (Or colors) To Him belong The most Beautiful Names; Whatever is in The heavens and on earth, Doth declare His Praises and Glory And He is the Exalted In Might, The Wise. Al-Qura’n RIGHT CONCEPT OF GOD.. Thiru Kural . Holy Words. Thiru, here it means Holy. Why ? IF you remove the first part, the ‘ARATHUPAL ’. The first and fore most ten kural, Praising God, the book will lose the Title ‘THIRU ’. Let us take a kural and see whether we have rightly understood the kural and following it accordingly or going out of the context. Is your conscience ready? THANAKU-UVAMAI-ILLAATHAAN THAAL SAY-N-THARK KALLAL MANAKAVALAI MAATRAL ARITHU. Thaal Say-n-tharkkallal ( without fell on face/ Sajitha ) ------- Negative Maatral Arithu ( impossible to change )---------------- Negative Thaal Say-n-thaal ( fell on face/Sajitha ) ----- Positive Maatral Ezhithu ( Easily changeable ) --------------- Positive Manakavalai : Sorrow in heart. (to remove sorrow from heart; what we have to do)? We have to worship and offer up prayers and supplication. How to worship and pray, what is the method of worship ? Thaal Sayrthal : Fell on your face, forehead to the ground, because only head bears all the senses, mighty and haughty crown. Whom should one worship, offer up prayer and supplication ? Thanaku-uvamai-illaathaan : Incomparable One (God). Author ( Thiru Valluvar ) quotes what he had learnt from his ancestor ( Maha Manu (Prophet) Sathya Varadhan.) “yo seu Sathyavaratho naama Raajarshir, Dhiravidas-vara ingnanamnm yo faftheetha Kalpaanthey laypay purasha” “Sathyavaratheynj jaliha thaam shahathou, Yonabaratha ujja sharjjanathaa thou’a Shabayreem Dhiravides-vara” Sathya Varadhan, a Prophet to Dravidians, mentioned in Maha Bharadham in 8th & 9th scantha ). He quotes the Name of God as Incomparable, the One Who cannot be compared. This is the actual Quality attributed to the Divine Lord God. Now please try to apply your mind and see whether you are within the context of Thiru- Kural or going out of context by blindly following the foot steps of fore fathers. Saying, this is god, that is god, so and so are gods and going against Vedas, Teachings of Moses and Christ Jesus and Qura’n. Birds of the same feather flock together. People of different religions, sects, caste and creed: lesser than animals make many groups but while begging for blood from the blood bank these culprits keep quite. When all of us can come together? Only if we believe in One God and associate no partners with Him. If Thiru-valluvar is genius then an atheist is a fool, if atheist is genius then Thiru-valluvar is a fool, Both cannot be genius, because both are of opposite poles as far as the subject ‘God’ is concerned. These ten Thiru-kural of Arathupal (Ten Commandments) is showing the fundamentals of Theo-logy. RIGHT CONCEPT OF GOD. NON-SEMETIC:- “Aryans’ Scriptures.” Ancient Literatures of India Vedas, Puranas, Ithihas and most of the Ancient Literatures. Brahma sutra : “Aekham Brahm thauvithya naasthey, nahthey nahnay nastheykinjan” Bahavan Eki hay, God is One and Only thusraa nahi hay, there is no dummy god nahi hay, no nahi hay, no zarabi nahi hay. Not at all. Vedas, Bhavishya Purana, Idihas, Upanishad and Bag-vat Geetha. Bag-vat Geetha :- 07 : 20, “Materialistic people worship dummy (idols) gods.” Chandogya Upanishad :- 6 : 2 : 1 “God is One and Only.” Rig Veda : 6:45:16 , “ yaa-ik ith musthie”. One God, worthy to worship Shwetara Upanishad :- 6 : 09, “God is One and Only.” 4 : 19, “Of Him no parents and no lords.” 4 : 20. “There is nothing like unto Him and His Form cannot be seen.” Yajur Veda :- 32 : 3 “There is no image (no likeness) of Him.” 40 : 8 “God is (universally) bodiless. 40 : 9 “Those who worship the nature are in darkness and those who worship created things, are in utter darkness.” (Bumi-puja, Surya Namaskhar and Pournamy Puja) Atharva Veda :- 20 : 58 : 3 “God is verily Great.” MAHA DEV Rig Veda :- 1 : 164 : 46 “One God by many Names. (Attributes)” 2 : 001 : 03 “Creator / Brahma / Ar-Rahman, Sustainer /Vishnu / Rubbil-Aalameen.” 8 : 001 : 01 “Do not worship anything besides Him and Praise Him alone.” 5 : 081 : 01 “Verily Great is the Glory of Divine Creator” 3 : 034 : 01 “He is the Bountiest Giver.” Bhavishya Puranam :- Prathisarhabav by Pandit Dev Prakash 1.Vishnu Created Adam and Hawwa out of soil. He (Maha Dev/ Parameshwar/ Vishnu/Brahma /God/Allah/Iraivan/Karthar/Aathi-Bahvan/Creator) made a beautiful garden at the east area of four ghos (13Km) for them to live in. Satan intruded in their peaceful life in the form of a snake, convinced them to eat the prohibited fruit. As Adam and Hawwa violated the order of Vishnu both were thrown out of the garden and made to wander on earth where they multiplied their offspring. 2.History of Noava/Noohu/Noovu : In Bhavishya Puranam :- “Manu Noovu is a descendent of Adam, lived for 500 years and he had three sons namely Shim, Sham and Bhav. Manu Noovo was a devotee of Lord Vishnu [Cherisher and Sustainer the One and Only God). While he was asleep Lord Vishnu said, in his dream, “Hear O Noovu, in seven days the whole earth will be flooded, hence you and your followers protect yourself in a wooden vessel . You the devotee of Indran safe guard your life. You are in the rank of high priest.” On hearing the Advice of Lord Vishnu, Manu Noovu made a wooden vessel of 300 feet long, 50 feet breath and depth. He boarded his family, his followers and pairs of every animal. Vishnu praised him for his obedience. In 40 days rain, entire earth was covered by water and four seas joined into one. After the removal of the flood Manu Noovu lived with his family. 3. In Rig Veda about Prophet Noohu/ Noah/ Noovu (pbuh) :- 6:45:16 :- “God is One, worthy of worship” 1:13:4 :- “ya akni noovu” “Noovu is the messanger of God.” About prophet Muhammadh (pbuh) in Bhavishya puranam :- Part 3, slogam3, suthiram 5-8 & 25 Ethas min anth-ray maliycha Acharyana samanvitha Muhammad Ithikiyathay sisya saha saman vitha Neruba seva maha Deva marusthala Nivajeenam. Linga sethi sihaa keena Sumach suruthari sathu sakha Utchalaby sarva bakshi Bavishyathi Janomam: Musalman nise mascara.” “In a foreign land of desert, there comes a prophet of God as equal to a learnt teacher whose name shall be “Muhammad” having a chain of disciples. They will grow their beard and their hairs will not be tied into bunches. They will be circumcised. They will call people for prayer on human voice. They will feed on flesh of cattle. They will be called as Musalman. Atharvana Veda :_ Allah Nishath : 1 – 10, (Alloba nishath) Allah Juhastam paramam puranam Brahmandam allaam Al-laysa rasoola Muhammad Khabarasya Allo allaam Aathallaa pooga kekam Allah pooganivaa thaham Alla pangnana hoothahirunthavaa Alla sooriya Chandra sarva natchathram Alla rishinaama sarvathivviyaam Indrraaya poorvam maayaa parampathrisha Alla piruththivvaya anthirisham visuvaroopam Illaam kabaa illaam Illallathi Illallah! Om Allah Illallaah anaathisvaroopaa Aththarvanaa Seeyaamaa hoomhireem janaana bahana Siththan jalasaaran athirstam kuru kuruput Saparasata samaharareeni hoom heereem Allah Rasoola Muhammad kabarasya Allah, Allah illallathi Illallaa. RIGHT CONCEPT OF GOD. Semitic Jewish scriptures (Old Testament) The first Commandment :- Deuteronomy :- 06 : 04, 05 (Mathew :- 22 : 37) (Mark :- 12 : 29) 4 šəma‘5 yiśərā’ēl yəhwâ ’ĕlōhênû yəhwâ| ’eḥāḏ:5 ‎4 ‏שְׁמַ֖ע5 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יְהוָ֥ה׀ אֶחָֽד׃5 “Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One and Only.” “And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart , with all thy soul and with all thy might.” Deut:-05 : 06, 07, 08 and 09 I am the Lord thy God, Who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage. Thou shalt have none other gods besides Me. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, idols, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water beneath the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God, am A Jealous God. Isaiah: - 43: 11, I, even I, am the Lord; and besides Me there is no Savior. 45 : 05 I am the Lord, and there is none else, there is no god besides Me. RIGHT CONCEPT OF GOD. Semitic Christian books ; (Bible /bib’lo ) Did Christ ever said, “I am God, worship me”? John 14 : 24, “Whoever does not love me does not keep my words. And words that you hear is not mine but God’s, Who sent me.” “I am not come to destroy the Law and the Prophets but to fulfill.” Mark 12:29, ‎ ‏שְׁמַ֖ע5 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יְהוָ֥ה׀ אֶחָֽד׃5 šəma‘5 yiśərā’ēl yəhwâ ’ĕlōhênû yəhwâ| ’eḥāḏ:5 “Hear O Israel, the Lord your God, the Lord is One and Only.” John :-17: 3, 1. “And this is Eternal life, that they may know You, 2. ‘the One and Only True God, 3. And Christ Jesus sent by You’.” CONTEXT:- THERE IS ONLY ONE TRUE GOD. CHRIST JESUS IS A MESSENGER OF GOD. Ref:- (14:24), (10:29), (Math:12:28), 5:17-20, 19:16-17, (Luke:11:20) (Acts2:22) Mathew :- 4 : 10 , Holy Qura’n : 11 : 36 Jesus said : Jesus said : “you shall worship, “Verily God is my Lord the Lord your God and Him only And your Lord: Him (only) serve ye.” Therefore serve ye: this is A Way that is straight.” Mathew :- 19 :16,17 “And behold, one came and said unto Jesus, Good Master, what good thing shall I do that I may have Eternal life? And Jesus said unto him, why callest thou me Good? There is none Good but One, that is God: but if thou wilt enter into Eternal life, keep the commandments.” The first commandment: “ šəma‘5 yiśərā’ēl yəhwâ ’ĕlōhênû yəhwâ| ’eḥāḏ “Hear O Israel, the Lord your God, the Lord is One and Only.” Christ Jesus : ACTS : 2 :22, PURELY A MAN APPROVED (PROPHET) OF GOD “YE MEN OF ISRAEL, HEAR THESE WORDS : JESUS OF NAZARETH, PURELY A MAN APPROVED (PROPHET) OF GOD AMONG YOU BY MIRACLES AND WONDWERS AND SIGNS, WHICH GOD DID BY HIM IN THE MIDST OF YOU, AS YE YOURSELVES ALSO KNOW”. Mathew:- 21 : 9, 10 and 11, This is Jesus the Prophet of Nazareth “And the multitude that went before, and that followed (Christ), cried, saying, 1. Hosanna to the son of David (Christ Jesus): and 2. Blessed is he that cometh (after Christ) in the Name of God; (Most Gracious, Most Merciful) Hosanna in the highest. And when he was come into Jerusalem, the entire city was moved, saying, who is this? And the multitude said, “This is Jesus the Prophet of Nazareth”. Christ Jesus says, “I can of my own self do nothing, as I hear I judge and my judgement is just.” Context : There is Only One True God and Christ Jesus (pbuh) is the mighty messenger (Prophet) of God sent to the Israelites alone. Ref : Mathew 15:24, 26. 10 : 5, 6, John 17:14, (Mat 14:57 John 4:34) “I am not sent for the world but rather to the lost sheep of the Israelites.” Mathew 1 : 21, “And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his people (Israelites) from their sins.” This is the FAITH preached by Christ Jesus (pbuh ) to the Israelites. What Christ prophesized about Christians? Mathew :- 5 : 19, Mat : 16: 27, Luke : 21 : 27, Mat:- 7 :21,22, 23. “This people (Christians actually Paulians) honoreth me with their lips but their heart is far from me. But in vain they (Christians) do worship me, teaching the commandments of men (Paul). (Pauline Christology:- New Testament a man made doctrines). Whoever calls me Lord, Lord will not enter the kingdom of God, only those who obey the Will of God (Ten Commandments) enters the kingdom of God. “For the son (Jesus) of man is going to come with angels in the glory of his God. And then they will see the son of man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.” “On that day many (Christians) will say to me, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and did many mighty works (magic) in your name?. And then will I declare to them, I never knew you; (Non-Jewish) depart from me, you workers of lawlessness’.” Ref :- Mark :- 13 : 05, 2). Mat :- 15 : 8, 9 “Look out that no one deceives you for many (million of Christians) will come in my name (Christ-ian) saying, ‘I am He’ (Christ is God), and will mislead many (Trillion).” Old Testament: http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/tan/sol005.htm#016 Tanach (Hebrew): Song of Solomon (Shir Hashirim) Chapter 5 חִכּוֹ֙ מַֽמְתַקִּ֔ים וְכֻלּ֖וֹ מַחֲמַדִּ֑ים זֶ֤ה דוֹדִי֙ וְזֶ֣ה רֵעִ֔י בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ 16 5:16:- “ ḥikwō maməṯaqqîm wəḵullwō maḥămadîm zeh ḏwōḏî wəzeh rē‘î bənwōṯ yərûšālāim: HIKWO MAMATAQQIM WAK ULLWO MAHAMMADIM ZEH DWODI WA-ZEH RE’E BANWOT YERUSALEM. 16 حلقه حلاوة وكله مشتهيات. هذا حبيبي وهذا خليلي يا بنات اورشليم “His mouth will be most sweet: Yea, he is Muhammadhim. This is My beloved, and this is My friend, O daughters of Jerusalem.” But the name Muhammadhim is being removed but translated as altogether lovely or most desirable, Sarvanga Sundaran etc, etc., no one has right to translate the names of persons, this is being done to isolate people in a new religion formed by Paul. Actual meaning of the name Muhammadh or Ahamadh is the praised one. Deuteronomy 18 : 15 , “The LORD thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren (among Jews), like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken;” Deuteronomy 18 : 18 “I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren (Arabs), like unto thee, and will put My words (Qura’n) in his mouth; (hence his mouth is most sweet) and he shall speak unto them all (things) that I shall command him.” Deuteronomy 18 : 19:- “And it shall come to pass, that whosoever will not hearken unto My words (Qura’n) which he shall speak in My Name (In the Name of God, Most Gracious Most Merciful), I will require it of him”. (I will destroy him). 18 : 22: “When a prophet speaketh in the Name of the LORD, if the thing follow not, nor come to pass, that is the thing which the LORD hath not spoken, but the Prophet hath spoken it presumptuously: thou shalt not be afraid of him (Muhammadh)”. NEW TESTAMENT: Very important verses repeated from Deuteronomy:- 18 : 18 n 19 Acts :- 3 : 22 n 23, WARNING Deuteronomy:- 18 : 18 n 19 “For Moses truly said unto them, a Prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren (Arabs) like unto me, him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you. And it shall come to pass, that every soul, which will not hear that Prophet, (Muhammadhim), shall be destroyed from among the people. During the Ministry of Christ Jesus and John the baptise (peace be upon them) Jews were expecting three distinct personalities, Prophets from God. Refer the verses below: written by junior John, disciple of Paul. I Epistle of John: 4 : 1, “Beloved believe not every sprit (Prophet), but try the sprits (Prophets) whether they are of God: because many false Prophets are gone out into the world.” i.e. so false sprit is a false prophet, true sprit is a true Prophet: What ever the true Prophet speaks, that come to pass”. John 1 : 19 , This is the record of John the baptise {Yowaan Yohanna Johanna} when the Jews sent priest and Levites to ask him, who are you? Verses 20 : 1. Are you Esau Masseya, (Christ Jesus) 21 : 2. Are you Elia’s, (John the baptise} 3. Are you that prophet (Muhammadhim). Verses 25 Why baptize thou if you are not 1. Esau Messiah, Christ Jesus 2. Elia’s, (John the baptise} 3. that prophet, (Muhammadhim). Mark: 6 : 15, “Others said, That it is Elia’s. And others said, That it is that Prophet or as one of the (three) Prophets.” Mathew:- 21 : 9, 10 and 11. Christ Jesus is the Prophet of Nazareth. “And the multitude that went before, and that followed (Christ), cried, saying, 1. Hosanna to the son of David (Christ Jesus): and 2. Blessed is he that cometh (after Christ) in the Name of God; (Most Gracious, Most Merciful) Hosanna in the highest. And when he was come into Jerusalem, the entire city was moved, saying, who is this? And the multitude said, “This is Jesus the Prophet of Nazareth”. ALL THESE THREE PROPHETS HAD COME AND HAD GONE ONLY CHRIST WILL VISIT THE EARTH ONCE AGAIN TO CONFIRM THIS FACTS, BUT THE JEWS ARE STILL EXPECTING THREE PROPHETS TO COME. Prophesies: Prophecised by Christ Jesus (pbuh):- John: 14 : 16, (This is a Prophesy). 16 وانا اطلب من الآب فيعطيكم معزيا آخر ليمكث معكم الى الابد “And I will pray to the Father, that He shall give you another comforter, (Muhammadhim) that he may abide with you for ever (till the Day of Judgement).” John: 14 : 26, (Christ, the Comforter Prophecised another Comforter) “When the sprit of truth is come, the helper (Muhammadhim), whom the God will send, he will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said.” John: 14 : 30, (This is a Prophesy). “Hereafter I will not talk much with you: for the Prince (Muhammadhim) of this world cometh, and hath nothing in me.” John: 15 : 26, “But when he (Muhammadhim) cometh from God, that sprit of truth who proceedeth from God, he shall testify of me: and you all shall bear witness”. John: 16 : 7, 12 , Prophesy with a Condition: ‘If I go not away.’ “Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter (Muhammadhim /Ahammadh ) will not come unto you, when he come, he will reprove the world of (1) sin and of (2) righteousness and of (3) Judgement. Because the Ruler (Muhammadhim) of this world is Judged, I still have yet many things to say unto you but you cannot bear them now, howbeit when He (Muhammadh) the sprit of truth, is come, He will guide you into all truth, for He shall not speak of Himself ; but whatsoever He shall hear, (Qura’n) that shall He speak and He will show you (many) things to come. He shall glorify me. Prophesies, Prophecised by Christ Jesus that are fulfilled?. 1. Another comforter. 2. The helper. 3. He shall testify of me ???????????? 4. He shall glorify me ?????????????? 5. The Prince of this world cometh !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 6. The Ruler of this world is Judged !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7. He will guide you into all truth 8. He will show you (many) things to come 9. He will reprove the world of (1) Sin and of (2) Righteousness and of (3) Judgement. 10. He shall not speak of Himself ; Whatsoever He shall hear, that shall He speak. For your information according to the bible the Holy Ghost was with Christ Jesus, with his disciples with Elizabeth with John the baptize and so on. Ref:- The Acts: 2 : 4, And they were filled with the Holy Ghost, Luke: 1 : 41, “And it came to pass , that, when Elisabeth heard the Salutation of Mary, ‘Salon Alaikhum’ the babe leaped in her womb; and Elisabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost: The Prophesies that were Prophecised by Christ Jesus is fulfilled. Christ Jesus is Testified and Glorified in The Holy Qura’n. Behold! the angels said : “O Mary! God hath chosen thee And purified thee-chosen thee Above the women of all nations. (Highest Honor) Al-Qura’n Behold! the angels said : “O Mary! God giveth thee Glad tidings of a Word From Him: his name Will be Christ Jesus, [Christ Jesus is Testified] The son of Mary, held in honor In this world and the Hereafter And of (the companion of) those Nearest to God; “He shall speak to the people In childhood and in maturity, And he shall be (of the company) Of the righteous.” (Christ Jesus is Glorified). She said: “How shall I Have a son, seeing that No man has touched me, And I am not unchaste?” He said : “So (it will be) : Thy Lord saith, ‘That is Easy for me : and (We Wish) to appoint him (Jesus) As a Sign unto men And a Mercy from Us’: “Even so : God createth What He willeth When He had decreed A Plan, He but saith To it, ‘Be,’ and it is! About Good Christians in the Holy Qura’n 5 : 85, 86 Strongest among men in enmity To the Believers wilt thou Find the Jews and Pagans; And nearest among them in love To the Believers wilt thou Find those who say, “We are Christians”: Because amongst these are Men devoted to learning And men who have renounced The world and they Are not arrogant. And when they listen To the revelation received By the Apostle, Thou wilt See their eyes overflowing With tears, for they Recognise the truth: They pray: “Our Lord! We believe; write us Down among the witnesses. Sura :- III : 55 Behold God said; “O Jesus! I will take thee And raise thee to Myself And clear thee (of the falsehoods) Of those who blaspheme; I will make those Who follow thee superior To those who reject faith, To the Day of Resurrection; Then shall ye all Return unto Me, And I will judge Between you of the matters Wherein ye dispute.” S IV : 157 That they (Jews) said (in boost), “We killed Christ Jesus The son of Mary, The apostle of God” :- But they killed him not, Nor they crucified him. But so it was made To appear to them, And those who differ Therein are full of doubts, With no (certain) knowledge, But only conjecture to follow, For of a surety They killed him not:- S IV : 158 Nay, God raised him (Christ Jesus) up Unto Himself; and God Is Exalted in Power, Wise:- (Prophecies of Christ Jesus (pbuh) is fulfilled). Commentators note : The meaning is not they merely call themselves Christians, but that they are such sincere Christians that they appreciate Muslim Virtues, as did the Abyssinians to whom Muslim refugees went during persecution in Makka. They would say: “It is true we are Christians, but we understand your point of view and we know you are good men.” They (Christians) are Muslims at heart, whatever their label (sect) may be. Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Every sincere and devoted Muslim is a follower of the beloved Prophet Christ Jesus (peace be upon him). RIGHT CONCEPT OF GOD. Semitic Islam. AL – QURA’N : “A HOSPITABLE GIFT FROM THE LORD MOST MERCIFUL”. In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. 1. Say, He is God, The One and Only; 2. God, the Eternal, Absolute; 3. He begetteth not, Nor He is begotten, 4. And there is none Like unto Him. ( Al-Qura’n) Note :- (Begetting is the quality of mammals). “It is not befitting to the Majesty of God to beget a son or daughter.” In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Praise be to God, The Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds; Most Gracious, Most Merciful; Master of the Day of Judgment. Thee do we worship, And Thine aid we seek. Show us the straight path, The path of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy Grace, Those whose (portion) Is not wrath, And who go not astray. ( Holy Qura’n) NEW TESTAMENT: JAMES :- 2 : 23, ‘And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness”- and he was called ‘a friend of God’. AL-QURA’N: THE WOMEN :- 4 : 125, “Who can be better In religion than one Who submits his whole self To God, does good, And follows the way Of Abraham the true in faith ? For God did take Abraham for a friend.” Revelation :- 9 : 4-6, 4. They were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any green plant or any tree, but only those people who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads. 5. They were allowed to torment them. 6. And in those days “people will seek death and will not find it. They will long to die, but death will flee from them. SIKHISM :- RIGHT CONCEPT OF GOD. Mool mantar: “Verily God is One and Only” ੴ ਸਤਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਕਰਤਾ ਪੁਰਖੁ ਨਿਰਭਉ ਨਿਰਵੈਰੁ ਅਕਾਲ ਮੂਰਤਿ ਅਜੂਨੀ ਸੈਭੰ ਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ॥ Ik oankar satinamu karta purakhu nirbhau nirvairu akal murati ajuni saibhan gurprasadi translates to One Supreme Being, Truth is His name; the Creator Primal Being; Without fear and Without Enmity, the Timeless Verity, Un-incarnated and Self-Existent, known through His grace. (GG. Pg 1) Mohammed The Prophet By Prof. K. S. Ramakrishna Rao, Head of the Department of Philosophy, Government College for Women University of Mysore, Mandya-571401 (Karnatika). Re-printed from "Islam and Modern age", Hydrabad, March 1978. ________________________________________ In the desert of Arabia was Mohammad born, according to Muslim historians, on April 20, 571. The name means highly praised. He is to me the greatest mind among all the sons of Arabia. He means so much more than all the poets and kings that preceded him in that impenetrable desert of red sand. When he appeared, Arabia was a desert -- a nothing. Out of nothing a new world was fashioned by the mighty spirit of Mohammad -- a new life, a new culture, a new civilization, a new kingdom which extended from Morocco to Indies and influenced the thought and life of three continents -- Asia, Africa and Europe. When I thought of writing on Mohammad the prophet, I was a bit hesitant because it was to write about a religion I do not profess and it is a delicate matter to do so for there are many persons professing various religions and belonging to diverse school of thought and denominations even in same religion. Though it is sometimes, claimed that religion is entirely personal yet it can not be gain-said that it has a tendency to envelop the whole universe seen as well unseen. It somehow permeates something or other our hearts, our souls, our minds their conscious as well as subconscious and unconscious levels too. The problem assumes overwhelming importance when there is a deep conviction that our past, present and future all hang by the soft delicate, tender silked cord. If we further happen to be highly sensitive, the center of gravity is very likely to be always in a state of extreme tension. Looked at from this point of view, the less said about other religion the better. Let our religions be deeply hidden and embedded in the resistance of our innermost hearts fortified by unbroken seals on our lips. But there is another aspect of this problem. Man lives in society. Our lives are bound with the lives of others willingly or unwillingly, directly or indirectly. We eat the food grown in the same soil, drink water, from the same spring and breathe the same air. Even while staunchly holding our own views, it would be helpful, if we try to adjust ourselves to our surroundings, if we also know to some extent, how the mind our neighbor moves and what the main springs of his actions are. From this angle of vision it is highly desirable that one should try to know all religions of the world, in the proper sprit, to promote mutual understanding and better appreciation of our neighborhood, immediate and remote. Further, our thoughts are not scattered as appear to be on the surface. They have got themselves crystallized around a few nuclei in the form of great world religions and living faiths that guide and motivate the lives of millions that inhabit this earth of ours. It is our duty, in one sense if we have the ideal of ever becoming a citizen of the world before us, to make a little attempt to know the great religions and system of philosophy that have ruled mankind. In spite of these preliminary remarks, the ground in these field of religion, where there is often a conflict between intellect and emotion is so slippery that one is constantly reminded of fools that rush in where angels fear to tread. It is also not so complex from another point of view. The subject of my writing is about the tenets of a religion which is historic and its prophet who is also a historic personality. Even a hostile critic like Sir William Muir speaking about the holy Quran says that. "There is probably in the world no other book which has remained twelve centuries with so pure text." I may also add Prophet Mohammad is also a historic personality, every event of whose life has been most carefully recorded and even the minutest details preserved intact for the posterity. His life and works are not wrapped in mystery. My work today is further lightened because those days are fast disappearing when Islam was highly misrepresented by some of its critics for reasons political and otherwise. Prof. Bevan writes in Cambridge Medieval History, "Those account of Mohammad and Islam which were published in Europe before the beginning of 19th century are now to be regarded as literary curiosities." My problem is to write this monograph is easier because we are now generally not fed on this kind of history and much time need be spent on pointing out our misrepresentation of Islam. The theory of Islam and Sword for instance is not heard now frequently in any quarter worth the name. The principle of Islam that there is no compulsion in religion is well known. Gibbon, a historian of world repute says, "A pernicious tenet has been imputed to Muslims, the duty of extirpating all the religions by sword." This charge based on ignorance and bigotry, says the eminent historian, is refuted by Quran, by history of Musalman conquerors and by their public and legal toleration of Christian worship. The great success of Mohammad's life had been effected by sheer moral force, without a stroke of sword. But in pure self-defense, after repeated efforts of conciliation had utterly failed, circumstances dragged him into the battlefield. But the prophet of Islam changed the whole strategy of the battlefield. The total number of casualties in all the wars that took place during his lifetime when the whole Arabian Peninsula came under his banner, does not exceed a few hundreds in all. But even on the battlefield he taught the Arab barbarians to pray, to pray not individually, but in congregation to God the Almighty. During the dust and storm of warfare whenever the time for prayer came, and it comes five times every day, the congregation prayer had not to be postponed even on the battlefield. A party had to be engaged in bowing their heads before God while other was engaged with the enemy. After finishing the prayers, the two parties had to exchange their positions. To the Arabs, who would fight for forty years on the slight provocation that a camel belonging to the guest of one tribe had strayed into the grazing land belonging to other tribe and both sides had fought till they lost 70,000 lives in all; threatening the extinction of both the tribes to such furious Arabs, the Prophet of Islam taught self-control and discipline to the extent of praying even on the battlefield. In an aged of barbarism, the Battlefield itself was humanized and strict instructions were issued not to cheat, not to break trust, not to mutilate, not to kill a child or woman or an old man, not to hew down date palm nor burn it, not to cut a fruit tree, not to molest any person engaged in worship. His own treatment with his bitterest enemies is the noblest example for his followers. At the conquest of Mackha, he stood at the zenith of his power. The city which had refused to listen to his mission, which had tortured him and his followers, which had driven him and his people into exile and which had unrelentingly persecuted and boycotted him even when he had taken refuge in a place more than 200 miles away, that city now lay at his feet. By the laws of war he could have justly avenged all the cruelties inflicted on him and his people. But what treatment did he accord to them? Mohammad's heart flowed with affection and he declared, "This day, there is no REPROOF against you and you are all free." "This day" he proclaimed, "I trample under my feet all distinctions between man and man, all hatred between man and man." This was one of the chief objects why he permitted war in self defense, that is to unite human beings. And when once this object was achieved, even his worst enemies were pardoned. Even those who killed his beloved uncle, Humzah, mangled his body, ripped it open, even chewed a piece of his liver. The principles of universal brotherhood and doctrine of the equality of mankind which he proclaimed represents one very great contribution of Mohammad to the social uplift of humanity. All great religions have preached the same doctrine but the prophet of Islam had put this theory into actual practice and its value will be fully recognized, perhaps centuries hence, when international consciousness being awakened, racial prejudices may disappear and greater brotherhood of humanity come into existence. Miss. Sarojini Naidu speaking about this aspect of Islam says, "It was the first religion that preached and practiced democracy; for in the mosque, when the minaret is sounded and the worshipers are gathered together, the democracy of Islam is embodied five times a day when the peasant and the king kneel side by side and proclaim, God alone is great." The great poetess of India continues, "I have been struck over and over again by this indivisible unity of Islam that makes a man instinctively a brother. When you meet an Egyptian, an Algerian and Indian and a Turk in London, it matters not that Egypt is the motherland of one and India is the motherland of another." Mahatma Gandhi, in his inimitable style, says "Some one has said that Europeans in South Africa dread the advent Islam -- Islam that civilized Spain, Islam that took the torch light to Morocco and preached to the world the Gospel of brotherhood. The Europeans of South Africa dread the Advent of Islam. They may claim equality with the white races. They may well dread it, if brotherhood is a sin. If it is equality of colored races then their dread is well founded." Every year, during the Haj, the world witnesses the wonderful spectacle of this international Exhibition of Islam in leveling all distinctions of race, color and rank. Not only the Europeans, the African, the Arabian, the Persian, the Indians, the Chinese all meet together in Medina as members of one divine family, but they are clad in one dress every person in two simple pieces of white seamless cloth, one piece round the loin the other piece over the shoulders, bare head without pomp or ceremony, repeating "Here am I O God; at thy command; thou art One and Alone; Here am I." Thus there remains nothing to differentiate the high from the low and every pilgrim carries home the impression of the international significance of Islam. In the opinion of Prof. Hurgronje "the league of nations founded by prophet of Islam put the principle of international unity of human brotherhood on such Universal foundations as to show candle to other nations." In the words of same Professor "the fact is that no nation of the world can show a parallel to what Islam has done the realization of the idea of the League of Nations." The prophet of Islam brought the reign of democracy in its best form. The Caliph Ali and the son in-law of the prophet, the Caliph Mansur, Abbas, the son of Caliph Mamun and many other caliphs and kings had to appear before the judge as ordinary men in Islamic courts. Even today we all know how the black Negroes were treated by the civilized white races. Consider the state of BILAL, a Negro Slave, in the days of the prophet of Islam nearly 14 centuries ago. The office of calling Muslims to prayer was considered to be of status in the early days of Islam and it was offered to this Negro slave. After the conquest of Mackha, the Prophet ordered him to call for prayer and the Negro slave, with his black color and his thick lips, stood over the roof of the holy mosque at Mecca called the Ka'ba the most historic and the holiest mosque in the Islamic world, when some proud Arabs painfully cried loud, "Oh, this black Negro Slave, woe be to him. He stands on the roof of holy Ka'ba to call for prayer." At that moment, the prophet announced to the world, this verse of the holy QURAN for the first time. "O mankind, surely we have created you, families and tribes, so you may know one another. Surely, the most honorable of you with God is MOST RIGHTEOUS AMONG you. Surely, God is Knowing, Aware." And these words of the holy Quran created such a mighty transformation that the Caliph of Islam, the purest of Arabs by birth, offered their daughter in marriage to this Negro Slave, and whenever, the second Caliph of Islam, known to history as Umar the great, the commander of faithful, saw this Negro slave, he immediately stood in reverence and welcomed him by "Here come our master; Here come our lord." What a tremendous change was brought by Quran in the Arabs, the proudest people (brutes) at that time on the earth. This is the reason why Goethe, the greatest of German poets, speaking about the Holy Quran declared that, "This book will go on exercising through all ages a most potent influence." This is also the reason why George Bernard Shaw says, "If any religion has a chance or ruling over England, say, Europe, within the next 100 years, it is Islam". It is this same democratic spirit of Islam that emancipated women from the bondage of man. Sir Charles Edward Archibald Hamilton says "Islam teaches the inherent sinlessness of man. It teaches that man and woman and woman have come from the same essence, posses the same soul and have been equipped with equal capabilities for intellectual, spiritual and moral attainments." The Arabs had a very strong tradition that one who can smite with the spear and can wield the sword would inherit. But Islam came as the defender of the weaker sex and entitled women to share the inheritance of their parents. It gave women, centuries ago right of owning property, yet it was only 12 centuries later , in 1881, that England, supposed to be the cradle of democracy adopted this institution of Islam and the act was called "the married woman act", but centuries earlier, the Prophet of Islam had proclaimed that "Woman are twin halves of men. The rights of women are sacred. See that women maintained rights granted to them." Islam is not directly concerned with political and economic systems, but indirectly and in so far as political and economic affairs influence man's conduct, it does lay down some very important principles to govern economic life. According to Prof. Massignon, it maintains the balance between exaggerated opposites and has always in view the building of character which is the basis of civilization. This is secured by its law of inheritance, by an organized system of charity known as Zakat, and by regarding as illegal all anti-social practices in the economic field like monopoly, usury, securing of predetermined unearned income and increments, cornering markets, creating monopolies, creating an artificial scarcity of any commodity in order to force the prices to rise. Gambling is illegal. Contribution to schools, to places of worship, hospitals, digging of wells, opening of orphanages are highest acts of virtue. Orphanages have sprung for the first time, it is said, under the teaching of the prophet of Islam. The world owes its orphanages to this prophet born an orphan. "Good all this" says Carlyle about Mohammad. "The natural voice of humanity, of pity and equity, dwelling in the heart of this wild son of nature, speaks." A historian once said a great man should be judged by three tests: Was he found to be of true metal by his contemporaries ? Was he great enough to raise above the standards of his age ? Did he leave anything as permanent legacy to the world at large ? This list may be further extended but all these three tests of greatness are eminently satisfied to the highest degree in case of prophet Mohammad. Some illustrations of the last two have already been mentioned. The first is: Was the Prophet of Islam found to be of true metal by his contemporaries? Historical records show that all the contemporaries of Mohammad both friends foes, acknowledged the sterling qualities, the spotless honesty, the noble virtues, the absolute sincerity and every trustworthiness of the apostle of Islam in all walks of life and in every sphere of human activity. Even the Jews and those who did not believe in his message, adopted him as the arbiter in their personal disputes by virtue of his perfect impartiality. Even those who did not believe in his message were forced to say "O Mohammad, we do not call you a liar, but we deny him who has given you a book and inspired you with a message." They thought he was one possessed. They tried violence to cure him. But the best of them saw that a new light had dawned on him and they hastened him to seek the enlightenment. It is a notable feature in the history of prophet of Islam that his nearest relation, his beloved cousin and his bosom friends, who know him most intimately, were not thoroughly imbued with the truth of his mission and were convinced of the genuineness of his divine inspiration. If these men and women, noble, intelligent, educated and intimately acquainted with his private life had perceived the slightest signs of deception, fraud, earthliness, or lack of faith in him, Mohammad's moral hope of regeneration, spiritual awakening, and social reform would all have been foredoomed to a failure and whole edifice would have crumbled to pieces in a moment. On the contrary, we find that devotion of his followers was such that he was voluntarily acknowledged as dictator of their lives. They braved for him persecutions and danger; they trusted, obeyed and honored him even in the most excruciating torture and severest mental agony caused by excommunication even unto death. Would this have been so, had they noticed the slightest backsliding in their master? Read the history of the early converts to Islam, and every heart would melt at the sight of the brutal treatment of innocent Muslim men and women. Sumayya, an innocent women, is cruelly torn into pieces with spears. An example is made of "Yassir whose legs are tied to two camels and the beast were are driven in opposite directions", Khabbab bin Arth is made lie down on the bed of burning coal with the brutal legs of their merciless tyrant on his breast so that he may not move and this makes even the fat beneath his skin melt. "Khabban bin Adi is put to death in a cruel manner by mutilation and cutting off his flesh piece-meal." In the midst of his tortures, being asked weather he did not wish Mohammad in his place while he was in his house with his family, the sufferer cried out that he was gladly prepared to sacrifice himself his family and children and why was it that these sons and daughters of Islam not only surrendered to their prophet their allegiance but also made a gift of their hearts and souls to their master? Is not the intense faith and conviction on part of immediate followers of Mohammad, the noblest testimony to his sincerity and to his utter self-absorption in his appointed task? And these men were not of low station or inferior mental caliber. Around him in quite early days, gathered what was best and noblest in Mackha, its flower and cream, men of position, rank, wealth and culture, and from his own kith and kin, those who knew all about his life. All the first four Caliphs, with their towering personalities, were converts of this period. The Encyclopedia Britannica says that "Mohammad is the most successful of all Prophets and religious personalities". But the success was not the result of mere accident. It was not a hit of fortune. It was recognition of fact that he was found to be true metal by his contemporaries. It was the result of his admirable and all compelling personality. The personality of Mohammad! It is most difficult to get into the truth of it. Only a glimpse of it I can catch. What a dramatic succession of picturesque scenes. There is Mohammad the Prophet, there is Mohammad the General; Mohammad the King; Mohammad the Warrior; Mohammad the Businessman; Mohammad the Preacher; Mohammad the Philosopher; Mohammad the Statesman; Mohammad the Orator; Mohammad the reformer; Mohammad the Refuge of orphans; Mohammad the Protector of slaves; Mohammad the Emancipator of women; Mohammad the Law-giver; Mohammad the Judge; Mohammad the Saint. And in all these magnificent roles, in all these departments of human activities, he is like, a hero.. Orphan hood is extreme of helplessness and his life upon this earth began with it; Kingship is the height of the material power and it ended with it. From an orphan boy to a persecuted refugee and then to an overlord, spiritual as well as temporal, of a whole nation and Arbiter of its destinies, with all its trials and temptations, with all its vicissitudes and changes, its lights and shades, its up and downs, its terror and splendor, he has stood the fire of the world and came out unscathed to serve as a model in every face of life. His achievements are not limited to one aspect of life, but cover the whole field of human conditions. If for instance, greatness consists in the purification of a nation, steeped in barbarism and immersed in absolute moral darkness, that dynamic personality who has transformed, refined and uplifted an entire nation, sunk low as the Arabs were, and made them the torch-bearer of civilization and learning, has every claim to greatness. If greatness lies in unifying the discordant elements of society by ties of brotherhood and charity, the prophet of the desert has got every title to this distinction. If greatness consists