In 1700, Ramazzini later cognomiado the "Father of Occupational Medicine", published his work, "De Morbis Artificum Diatriba" a series of related diseases trabalho.Com progress, new industrial processes have emerged and with them new functions or occupations apareceram.Tornou is increasingly imperative to the existence of services that take care of health and welfare trabalhadores.Condições adverse work environment have favored the emergence of occupational diseases and the occurrence of accidents whose consequences are widely sabidas.A occupational exposure to chemical agents without the effective use of PPE (personal protective equipment) may cause intoxication and worsen preexisting conditions.   The hard metal pneumoconiosis is a diffuse disease caused by inhaling particles of cobalt. (The hard metal is an alloy of tungsten and cobalt carbonate, occasionally added small amounts of other metals such as titanium, tantalum, nickel and chromium. The metals other than cobalt are considered inert, not causing lung injury. ( Exposure to hard metal can generate tables of occupational asthma and diffuse lung disease. Occupations related to manufacturing and refining of this metal, as well as the use of disks coated with cobalt to diamond polishing and grinding tools are related to these diseases.In this report, we present a case of sharpening tools with a picture of diffuse lung disease who progressed to bilateral secondary spontaneous pneumothorax after poisoning by heavy metal nickel. .