C O N T E N T S . CHAPTER I. THE PRISON-WORLD BEFORE THE DAYS OF HORrARD. FAGS Prison Science at the Dawn of the Eighteenth Century-Interesting Discovery-Dr. Bray - His Labors and Writings-Vast Abuses in Prisons-Suggestions for Reform-Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry-Startling Disclosures of the Mctropolitan Gaols-The BIarshalsea-Mastcr Debtors and Comn onD ebtors-Case of Thomas Bliss-Torture employed for Sport-The Dead and the Living a Disgusting Cruelty-The Fleet-The Wardenship Private Property-Treatment of Prisoners-Connivance at Escapes-Deffance of the Law-Sponging Houses-Case of Mr. Castell-Power of Bloney-Sufferings of Capt. BIackpheadris-Avarice and Malice-Case of Captain Darid Sinclair. . . . . . . 32 CHAPTER 11. Uncertainty as to the Place and Date of Homards Birth-His Parentage-Childhood Common-place-Early Education-Rev. Mr. Worsley-Sent to School in London-John Eames, the F. R. S.-Howards Schoolfellow, Price--Nature and Intention of Roward s Education-Bound Apprentice to a Grocer-Independence of Labor versus lndependence of Property-Life in the Warehouse, its Results in the Formation of Character-Death of the Elder Howard-His Will-Howards First Journey into France and Italy-Dilettantism-His Love of Art-His Return to England-Sickness-His First Marriage-Death of His Wife-Leaves for Lisbon-Is Captnred by a French Privateer-Dungeons of Brest-Horrible Sufferings-His Release-His Philanthropic Efforts in f a oorf Other Captives crowned with Success. . . . . . 65 CHAPTER 111. FAQI Homard settles at Cardington-His Way of Life there-Philosophy of Labor--Henrietta Leeds-Hownrds Second Alarriage - Curious Domestic Treaty-Lack of Sincerity in tbe World - Homardls Intellectual and Dloral Building up-Puritanism and the Classics-Ho vards Scientific Studies-Blade F. R. S. - Contributions to the Societys Transactions-Hebrew Ideas in his Character-Building and Planting-Strange Heresies Regarding Property-Removal to Whitcombe-Tactics of a Military Keighbor-Hostilities Overcome-Rcturn to Cardington-Alteratims - Model Cottages and Schools-The Education of the Poor-Rapid Improvement of the Village-The Whitbread Family-Sudden Death of Mrs. Howard-Her Husbands AiTection. . . . . . . . 95 CHAPTER IV. DISCIPLINE OF A WOUNDED SPIRIT. Howards Child-His Notions of the Paternal Office-His Affection Impugned-Testimony of Dr. Aikin-Origin of the Slander-His Boy sent to chool-Local Trips-His Health breaking up-Advised to go to Italy-The Pilgrimage-Route and Reflections by the Nay-Extracts from his private Blemoranda and Letters-Reaches Turin, and Reasons for Returning-France, Geneva, and Holland-Letter from Abbeville - Relapse-Ordered back to the South - Howards Deepening Piety-Rationale of Religious Fervor - Reflections at Lyons-Route thence to Rome-A Letter - Naples-Makes a Solemn Covenant to Devote Himself to the service of God and Mankind-Returns to Rome-Reflection there-Heidelberg-Character of Howards Piety-Final Results of this Peculiar Pilgrimage-Return to England. . , . . . . . . . . . 130 CHAPTER V. THE CRUSADE COMMENCED. Howard appointed Sheriff of Bedford-Disabilities of Dissenters-He determines to brave the Pains and Penalties-Notions of n. Sheriffs Function-Howards Reading of the Part - Commences the Inspection of Prisons-Bedford Gaol and Old John Bunyan-The Abominable Fee System-How it op CONTENTS. V PAGE erated-Howard proposes to Abolish it-Search of a Prece-...