TINTINNALOGIA: OR, THE ART OF RINGING. Wherein Is laid down plain and easie Rules for Ringing all sorts of _Plain Changes_. Together with Directions for Pricking and Ringing all _Cross Peals_; with a full Discovery of the Mystery and Grounds of each Peal. _As Also_ Instructions for _Hanging of Bells_, with all things belonging thereunto. _by a Lover of that ART. _ A. Persii Sat. V. Disce: sed ira cadat naso, rugosaque sanna, LONDON, Printed for _F. S. _ and are to be Sold by _Tho. Archer_, at his Shop under the _Dyal_ of St. _Dunstan's Church_ in _Fleet-street_, 1671. TO THE NOBLE SOCIETY OF COLLEDGE-YOUTHS. GENTLEMEN, I have seen a Treatise intituled, _de Tintinnabulis_--thatis, of little Bells, the Language Latin, but pen'd by a_Dutchman_, being a Discourse of striking tunes on littleBells with traps under the feet, with several Books on severalInstruments of Music, and Tunes prick't for the same; Thenconsidering that the Well-wishers to either of them, tookgreat pains to make plain the use of them, I thought it wortha Dayes labour, to write something on this Art or Science, that the Rules thereof might not be lost and obscured to some, as the _Chronicles_ before _William_ the Conqueror, being givenonly by Tradition from Father to Son. Wherefore I humbly intreatyou favourably to accept this small Treatise, as a foundationwhereon may be raised a famous Structure; and if any one objectsa fault, excuse it with the Ringing term--He was Over-bell'd--Soyou will much oblige him that is a Well-wisher to your Recreation, CAMPANISTA. On the Ingenious Art of RINGING. What Musick is there that compar'd may be To well-tun'd Bells enchanting melody! Breaking with their sweet sound the willing Air, And in the listning ear the Soul ensnare; The ravisht Air such pleasure loth to lose, With thousand Echoes still prolongs each close; And gliding streams which in the Vallies trills, Assists its speed unto the neighbouring Hills; Where in the rocks & caves, with hollow gounds, The warbling lightsome Element rebounds. This for the Musick: In the Action's Health, And every Bell is a _Wit's_ Common-wealth For here by them we plainly may discern, How that Civility we are to learn. The Treble to the Tenor doth give place, And goes before him for the better grace: But when they chance to change, 'tis as a dance, They foot _A Galliard, à la mode de France_. An Eighteenscore's a figure dance, but _Grandsire_ Hath the Jig-steps! & Tendrings Peal doth answer The manner of _Corants_: A plain Six-score, Is like a _Saraband_, the motion slower. When Bells Ring round, and in their Order be, They do denote how Neighbours should agree; But if they Clam, the harsh sound spoils the sport, And 'tis like Women keeping _Dover_ Court For when all talk, there's none can lend an ear The others story, and her own to hear; But pull and hall, straining for to sputter What they can hardly afford time to utter. Like as a valiant Captain in the Field, By his Conduct, doth make the Foe to yield; Ev'n so, the leading Bell keeping true time, The rest do follow, none commits a Crime: But if one Souldier runs, perhaps a Troop Seeing him gone, their hearts begin to droop; Ev'n so the fault of one Bell spoils a Ring, (And now my _Pegasus_ has taken Wing. ) Upon the Presentation of GRANDSIRE BOB To the COLLEDGE-YOUTHS, By the AUTHOR of that PEAL. Gentlemen of the Noble Crew Of _Colledge-Youths_, there lately blew A wind, which to my Noddle flew (upon a day when as it Snew;) Which to my Brains the Vapors drew And there began to work and brew, 'Till in my _Pericranium_ grew _Conundrums_, how some Peal that's New Might be compos'd? and to pursue These thoughts (which did so whet and hew My flat Invention) and to shew What might be done, I strait withdrew Myself to ponder--whence did accrue This _Grandsire Bob_, which unto you I Dedicate, as being due Most properly; for there's but few Besides, so ready at their Q---- (Especially at the first View) To apprehend a thing that's New; Though they'l pretend, and make a shew, As if the intricat'st they knew; What _Bob_ doth mean, and _Grandsire True_, And read the course without a Clue Of this new Peal: Yet though they screw Their shallow Brains, they'l ne're unglue The Method on't (and I'm a Jew) If I don't think this to be true, They see no more on't than blind _Hugh_. Well, let their tongues run _Titere tu_, Drink muddy Ale, or else _French Lieve_, Whil'st we our Sport and Art renew, And drink good Sack till Sky looks blew, So _Grandsire_ bids you All adieu. R. R. THE ART OF RINGING. Of the Beginning of _Changes_. It is an ancient _Proverb_ with us in _England_ (That _Rome_was not built in a day) by which expression is declared, Thatdifficult things are not immediately done, or in a short timeaccomplished: But for the _Art of Ringing_, it is admirableto conceive in how short a time it hath increased, that thevery depth of its intricacy is found out; for within theseFifty or Sixty years last past, _Changes_ were not known, or thought possible to be _Rang_: Then were invented the_Sixes_, being the very ground of a _Six score_: Then the_Twenty_, and _Twenty-four_, with several other _Changes_. But _Cambridge Forty-eight_, for many years, was the greatest_Peal_ that was _Rang_ or invented; but now, neither _Forty-eight_, nor a _Hundred_, nor _Seven-hundred and twenty_, nor any Numbercan confine us; for we can _Ring Changes_, _Ad infinitum_. Although _Philosophers_ say, _No Number is infinite, becauseit can be numbred_; for _infinite_ is a quantity that cannotbe taken or assigned, but there is (_infinitum quoad hos_) asthey term it, that is _infinite_ in respect of our apprehension:Therefore a _Ringers_ knowledge may seem _infinite_ to dive so_infinitely_ into such an _infinite_ Subject; but least myDiscourse should be _infinite_, I will conclude it, and proceedto the _Peals_ following. Before I Treat of the method and diversity of _Peals_, Ithink it not impertinent to speak something of the _Properties_wherewith a _Young Ringer_ ought to be qualified, and thenproceed to the _Peals_. _First_ then, before he is entredinto a _Company_, it is presupposed, that he is able to _Seta Bell Fore-stroke and Back-stroke_, as the terms are: Next, that he know how to _Ring Round_, or _Under-sally_: Then, thathe may be complete, it is convenient, that he understand the_Tuning of Bells_; for what is a _Musician_, unless he can_Tune_ his _Instrument_, although he plays never so well? Todo which, let him learn on some _Instrument_, or _Wyer-Bells_, to know a _Third_, _Fifth_, and _Eighth_, which are theprincipal _Concords_: Or otherwise, let him get a _Pipe_called a _Pitch-pipe_, which may be made by any _Organ-maker_, to contain _eight Notes_, or more, (according to his pleasure)with their _Flatts_ and _Sharps_, which will be very useful inthe _Tuning of Bells_. And then this is a general Rule, beginat the _Tenor_, or _biggest Bell_, and count 3 _whole Notes_, then a _half Note_, or _Sharp_, 3 _whole Notes_, then a_half Note_, or _Sharp_; and so on, until you come to the_least Bell_ or _Treble_. For example on _four Bells_, 1:234, here the 432 are _whole_ _Notes_, and the _half Note_ or_Sharp_ is between 1 and 2. On _Five Bells_, 12:345 the 543are _whole Notes_; and the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between2 and 3. On _Six_, 123:456 the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ isbetween 3 and 4. On _Eight Bells_, 1:2345:678, one _half Note_or _Sharp_ is between 5 and 6, and the other between 1 and 2. On _Ten_, 123:4567:8910; here one _half Note_ is between 7and 8, and the next between 3 and 4. On _Twelve Bells_, 12:345:6789:10 11 12. Here one _half Note_ or _Sharp_ isbetween 9 and 10, the next between 5 and 6, and the otherbetween 2 and 3, which last is made contrary to the formerRule, it being but _two whole Notes_ from the next _half Note_to it; the reason is this, the _Ninth_ is one _whole Note_below the _Eighth_, therefore the 2 must be a _whole Note_below the _Treble_, otherwise they would not be a true _Eighth_, therefore the _half Note_ is put between 2 and 3. Now he thathath these Rules, and a good ear to judge of the _Concords_, may at any time cast his Verdict (as to Bells, whether theyare well in _Tune_ or not) amongst the chief of the _Company_. Of the _Changes_. A _Change_ is made between _two Bells_ that strikes nextto each other, by removing into each others places, as inthese _two Figures_ 1, 2. Make a _Change_ between them, and they will stand 2, 1. Which is called a _Change_;make another _Change_ between them, and they will stand intheir right places, as at first, 1, 2. These _two Changes_are all that can be made on _two Bells_. The _Changes_ on three Bells. On _three Bells_ there are _six several Changes_ to be made;in _Ringing_ of which, there is _one Bell_ to be observed, which is called the _Hunt_, and the other two are _ExtreamBells_ (but they cannot properly be so called, because every_Bell_ _hunts_ in the _six Changes_; yet because 'tis commonly_Rang_ by observing a _Hunt_ and _two Extream Bells_, I willtherefore proceed in that course. ) The name of _Hunt_ isproperly given to it, because of its continual motion upand down amongst the other _Bells_, which motion is called_Hunting_, and the other _two_ are called _Extream Bells_, because when the _Hunt_ is either before or behind them, that is at the _Extream_, or utmost place, there is a _Change_then to be made between them, called an _Extream Change_. There are two several wayes to _Ring_ the _six Changes_. One whereof is to make the _Treble_ the _Hunt_, and theother way is to make the _Tenor_ the _Hunt_. I will give anExample in _hunting_ the _Treble_, the _Bells_ are supposedto stand thus. -- 123 Now the _Treble_ must be _hunted_ up over the _Second_and _Third_, which is to be done, by making a _Change_between the _Treble_, and each of those two Bells in order;therefore first I remove the _Treble_ up over the _Second_, into the _seconds_ place, by making a _Change_ between the_Treble_ and _Second_, thus. -- 213 The _Treble_ being removed up over the _Second_, it mustnext be removed up over the _Third_, as in this _Change_. -- 231 Alwayes observe, that when the _Hunt_ moves from theforemost _Bell_ toward the hindmost, then it _hunts_ up, as in the _Changes_ next before; but when it moves or _hunts_from the hindmost Bell, toward the Bell that leads, then it_hunts_ down, as appears by the _Changes_ following. The_Treble_ being _hunted_ up behind the _Extream_ Bells, an_Extream Change_ is next to be made between them. -- 321 Here you may observe, that if the _Hunt_ had been_hunted_ down without an _Extream Change_ first made, those _Changes_ in _hunting_ it down, would have beenthe same with those that were made in _hunting_ it up. The _Extream Change_ being made, the _Treble_ must be_hunted_ down again before the Bells thus. -- 312 132 The _Treble_ being now _hunted_ down, the next is to bean _Extream Change_. -- 123 which is the last _Change_ of the _six_. The other way to _Ring_ the _six Changes_, is, to makethe _Tenor_ the _Hunt_, which being behind already, itmust first be _hunted_ down, as in these _Changes_. -- 123 132 312 The _Third_, which is the _Hunt_, being _hunted_ downbefore the Bells, the _Extream Change_ must next be madebetween the 2, and 1. Which are the _Extream Bells_, thus. -- 321 The _Extream Change_ being made, the _Third_ must be_hunted_ up again. -- 231 213 The _Third_ being _hunted_ up, another _Extream_ must bemade, which brings the Bells round in their right places. -- 123 The _Plain Changes_ on four Bells. On four Bells, there are _Twenty four several Changes_, in_Ringing_ of which, there is one Bell called the _Hunt_, andthe other three are _Extream_ Bells; the _Hunt_ moves, and_hunts_ up and down continually, and lies but once in oneplace, except only when it comes before or behind the Bells, at which time it lies there twice together; it has the samecourse here, as in the _six Changes_ before set down; two ofthe _Extream_ Bells makes a _Change_ every time the _Hunt_comes before or behind them. An Example I will here give, making the _Treble_ the _Hunt_, and the _Extream Changes_I make between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the_Hunt_. I set down the _four Figures_, representing the_four Bells_, thus. -- 1234 The _Treble_ must now be _hunted_ up behind the Bells, where it is to lie twice together, and then to _hunt_down before them, where it must lie twice, and then _hunt_up again as before. The _Hunt_ is alwayes one of the twoBells which makes every _Change_, except only when it comesbefore or behind the Bells, and it moves only over one Bellat a time; 'tis to be _hunted_ up after this manner. -- 2134 2314 2341 The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behind the Bells, as appearsby the last _Changes_, the next is to be an _Extream Change_between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _Hunt_, which are the _Second_ and _Third_, thus. -- 3241 The _Extream_ being made, the _Treble_ must be _hunted_down again, as in these _Changes_. -- 3214 3124 1324 The Treble being hunted down, there is another ExtreamChange to be made between the two farthest Bells from it, which are the Second and Fourth. -- 1342 The Extream being made, the Treble must be hunted as before, and so to the end of the Peal, making an Extream Changeevery time the Hunt comes before and behind the Bells. -- 3142 3412 3421 4321 4312 4132 1432 1423 4123 4213 4231 2431 2413 2143 1243 1234 The Twenty-four Changes are to be Rang another way, inhunting up the Treble, which is, by making every ExtreamChange between the two nearest Bells to the Hunt, as inthese Changes, first I hunt the Treble up. -- 1234 2134 2314 2341 The Treble being hunted up, the Extream Change is to bemade between the 3 and 4, which are the two nearest Bellsto it, as in this Change, 2431 and so to the end of the Peal, making every Extream betweenthe two nearest Bells to the Hunt all the way. These two wayes in _Ringing_ the _Twenty-four_, differsonly in making the _Extream Changes_, one whereof is tomake them between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells fromthe _Hunt_, and the other to make them between the twonearest Bells to it. The _Twenty-four Changes_ are to be _Rang_ two wayes morein _hunting_ down the _Treble_; one way, is to make the_Extreams_ between the two farthest Bells from the _Hunt_;and the other, is to make them between the two nearest, as before. A short Example I will set down, the Bellsstand thus. -- 1234 The _Treble_ should now be _hunted_ down, but it beingalready before the Bells, insomuch that it can be removedno lower; therefore the first must be an _Extream Change_, either between the two nearest, or two farthest Bells fromthe _Hunt_ at pleasure; the _Extream_ being made, the _Treble_is to _hunt_ up, and so to the end of the _Peal_, in the samecourse as before. 1243 2143 2413 2431 4231 4213 4123 1423 1432 4132 4312 4321 3421 3412 3142 In _hunting_ the _Second_, _Third_, or _Fourth_, thereis to be observed the same course, as in _hunting_ the_Treble_: A short Example I will set down, in _hunting_the _Third_ up, and making the _Extream Changes_ betweenthe two farthest _Bells_ from it. -- 1234 1243 2143 2134 2314 3214 _First_, I _hunt_ up the _third_ over the _fourth_; the_Hunt_ being up, I make an _extream_ between the _treble_and _second_, and then _hunt_ down the _third_ again, asin these _changes_, which course is to be observed to theend of the _Peal_. I have insisted the longer upon the directions to the_Twenty-four changes_, because it is the ground and methodin _Ringing_ all _plain changes_; and by understanding thisaright, the Learner will more easily apprehend the courseof all _plain_ and _single changes_ whatsoever. The _Twenty-four plain changes_ are to be _Rang_ sixteenseveral wayes; in _hunting_ one Bell, it is to be _Rang_four ways; that is, two wayes in _hunting_ it up, and theother two wayes in _hunting_ it down, (as appears in mydirections before in _hunting_ the _treble_:) so that in_hunting_ the 4 Bells, 'tis to be _Rang_ 4 times 4 wayes, which makes 16, some of which I have here set down. Treble Hunt up, Extream between the 2 farthest Bellsfrom it. 1234 2134 2314 2341 3241 3214 3124 1324 1342 3142 3412 3421 4321 4312 4132 1432 1423 4123 4213 4231 2431 2413 2143 1243 1234 Second up, extream between the 2 nearest to it. 1234 1324 1342 1432 1423 1243 2143 2413 4213 4123 4132 4312 4321 4231 2431 2341 3241 3421 3412 3142 3124 3214 2314 2134 1234 Fourth down, Extream between the two farthest Bellsfrom it. 1234 1243 1423 4123 4132 1432 1342 1324 3124 3142 3412 4312 4321 3421 3241 3214 2314 2341 2431 4231 4213 2413 2143 2134 1234 Some persons do observe to _Ring_ the _Twenty-four changes_with a _whole Hunt_, and _half Hunt_; but that is an imperfectcourse; for there cannot be one _half hunt_ only, but therewill unavoidably be three _half Hunts_ in one and the same_Twenty-four_; therefore I have set down the other way to_ring_ it, by observing a _hunt_, and _three extream_ Bells, which course is much more easie and true. In the _Twenty-four Changes_ are contained the _sixChanges_; the _three Extream Bells_ in the _Twenty-four_makes the _six Changes_ in course, every _extream change_being one of the _six_, and the _Hunt_ hunting through eachof the _six Changes_, makes _Twenty-four_: For Example, takethe _three Extream_ Bells in the first _Twenty-four_ setdown before, which are 234, and set down the _six Changes_on them, thus. -- 234 324 342 432 423 243 234 Now take the first _Change_, which is 234, set the _Treble_before it, and _hunt_ it through, thus. -- 1234 2134 2314 2341 The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behinde, take the next_Change_ of the _six_, which is 324, set it directlyunder the _First_, and _hunt_ the _Treble_ down throughit, thus. -- 3241 3214 3124 1324 And so take each of the other _six Changes_, and _hunt_the _Treble_ through them, it will make _Twenty-four_. I will here insert two or three old _Peals_ on five Bells, which (though rejected in these dayes, yet) in former timeswere much in use, which for _Antiquity sake_, I here setdown. And first, The _Twenty_ all over. The course is this--every Bell _hunts_ in order once throughthe Bells, until it comes behind them; and first the _Treble__hunts_ up, next the _Second_, and then the 3, 4 and 5, whichbrings the Bells round in their right places again, at the endof the _Twenty Changes_, as in this following _Peal_. -- 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 32451 34251 34521 34512 43512 45312 45132 45123 54123 51423 51243 51234 15234 12534 12354 12345 This Peal is to be Rang, by hunting the Bells down, beginning with the Tenor, next the fourth, and so thethird, second, and treble, which will bring the Bellsround in course as before. An Eight and Forty. In this _Peal_, the _Fifth_ and _Fourth_ are both _wholeHunts_, each of which does _hunt_ down before the Bellsby turns, and lies there twice together and then _hunts_up again: The 1, 2 and 3 goes the _six changes_, one ofwhich is made every time, either of the _whole Hunts_ liesbefore the Bells, as in the following _Changes_, where the_fifth_ hunts down the _first_; and lying before the Bells, there is a _change_ made between the 1 & 2, which is one ofthe _six changes_; and then the _fifth_ _hunts_ up againinto its place, and the _fourth_ _hunts_ down, which lyingbefore the Bells, there is another of the _six changes_made between the 1 and 3, and then the _fourth_ _hunts_ upagain, and the _fifth_ _hunts_ down next; in which courseit continues to the end of the _Peal_, each of the _wholeHunts_ lying but twice at one time before the Bells, as inthese following _changes_. 12345 12354 12534 15234 51234 52134 25134 21534 21354 21345 21435 24135 42135 42315 24315 23415 23145 23154 23514 25314 52314 53214 35214 32514 32154 32145 32415 34215 43215 43125 34125 31425 31245 31254 31524 35124 53124 51324 15324 13524 13254 13245 13425 14325 41325 41235 14235 12435 12345 _Cambridge_ Eight and Forty. Wherein it is observed, that the _Treble_ and _Second_ doesnever come behind, neither does the _Fifth_ and _Fourth_come before, as in the following _Changes_. 12345 21345 21354 21534 25134 25314 23514 23154 32154 32514 35214 35124 31524 31254 31245 31425 34125 34215 32415 32145 23145 23415 24315 24135 21435 21453 24153 24513 25413 25143 21543 12543 15243 15423 14523 14253 12453 12435 14235 14325 13425 13245 13254 13524 15324 15234 12534 12354 12345 The _Plain Changes_ on five Bells. There are _Six-score Changes_ to be _Rang_ on _fiveBells_, which are to be _Rang_, by observing a _wholeHunt_, a _half Hunt_, and _three Extream Bells_; thecourse of the _whole Hunt_, is the same with the _Hunt_in the _Twenty-four Changes_, and _hunts_ up and downin the same manner. The _half Hunt_ moves once, thatis, over one Bell every time, the _whole Hunt_ comesbefore and behind the Bells; but when the _half Hunt_is removed either before or behind the _Extream Bells_, then there is an _Extream Change_ to be made. For Example, I make the _Treble_ the _whole Hunt_, and _hunt_ it up;and the _Second_ the _half Hunt_ and _half hunt_ it up, making every _Extream Change_ between the two farthest_Extream Bells_ from the _half Hunt_; the _Extream Bells_are the _Third_, _Fourth_, _Fifth_: Now observe, that whereasin the _Twenty-four Changes_, an _Extream Change_ was alwayesmade, when the _whole Hunt_ came before or behind the _Bells_, in these _Six-score_ _Changes_ an _Extream_ is alwayes to bemade, when the _Half Hunt_ comes before or behind the _ExtreamBells_; first the Treble is to be _hunted_ up, as in these_Changes_. -- 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 The _whole Hunt_ being _hunted_ up, the _Second_, whichis the _half Hunt_, must be _hunted_ up over one _Bell_, as in this _Change_. -- 32451 The _half Hunt_ being removed up over one _Bell_, the_whole Hunt_ must be _hunted_ down again, as in these_Changes_. -- 32415 32145 31245 13245 The _whole Hunt_ being _hunted_ down, the _half Hunt_ is tobe removed up over the _Fourth_, which is the next _Bell_to it. -- 13425 The _whole Hunt_ is to _hunt_ up as before. -- 31425 34125 34215 34251 Now the _half Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ up over the _Fifth_, which is the next _Bell_ to it, thus. -- 34521 Here the _Second_, which is the _half Hunt_, is removedquite up behind the _Extream_ _Bells_; yet the _ExtreamChange_ is not to be made, until the _whole Hunt_ hasremoved down through the _Bells_, as in these _Changes_. -- 34512 34152 31452 13452 And it is a constant Rule, that whensoever the _half Hunt_has removed up behind the _Extream Bells_, or down beforethem, the _whole Hunt_ must _hunt_ through the Bells, beforethe _Extream Change_ is made, as in the last _Change_ butfour, which is 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. The _Second_ being the _halfHunt_, is removed up behind the 3, 4, and 5. Which are the_Extream_ Bells; and then the _whole Hunt_ being behind, _hunts_ immediately down; and now the _Extreame Change_ isto be made between the 3, and 4. Which are the two farthest_Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, as in this _Change_. -- 14352 The _Extream_ being made, the _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_are to remove again; and first the _whole Hunt_ must be_hunted_ up. -- 41352 43152 43512 43521 Now the _half Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ down under one Bell, thus. -- 43251 The _half Hunt_ being removed, the _whole Hunt_ is to be_hunted_ down. -- 43215 43125 41325 14325 The _half Hunt_ is to be removed down under another Bell, as in this _Change_. -- 14235 Now I hunt up the Treble. -- 41235 42135 42315 42351 The Treble being _hunted_ up, I _hunt_ down the _Second_before the _Extream_ Bells. -- 24351 Now I _hunt_ down the Treble again, and then make the_Extream Change_, as in these _Changes_. -- 24315 24135 21435 12435 12453 The last is the _Extream Change_, which is made betweenthe _Third_ and _Fifth_; and this course is to be observedto the end of the _Six-score Changes_, which is set downat large at the end of the directions to this _Peal_. Another short Example I will insert, which is _Second_ down, and _Fourth_ up, (for that is the common Phrase amongst _Ringers_)whereby 'tis alwayes to be observed, that the first Bell whichis named, is the _whole Hunt_, and the second that is named, isthe _half Hunt_, as herein you may perceive; where _Second_ down, is meant, that the _Second_ Bell is the _whole Hunt_, and to_hunt_ down the first _Change_; and the _Fourth_ Bell is the_half Hunt_, and to _half hunt_ up, that is, to move up towardsthe hindmost Bell the first time it moves at the beginning of the_Peal_; which are only directions in making the first _Changes_, for one _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ may be hunted several wayes, either up or down at pleasure. First, I _hunt_ down the _Second_. -- 12345 21345 The _Second_ being _hunted_ down, the _Fourth_, which isthe _half Hunt_, must be removed up over one Bell, thus. -- 21354 The _half Hunt_ being removed, I must _hunt_ up the_Second_, as in these _Changes_. -- 12354 13254 13524 13542 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 23145 Now the _Fourth_, which is the _half Hunt_, being behindthe _Extream_ Bells, the next is to be an _Extream Change_, which may be made either between the two farthest Bellsfrom the _half Hunt_, or the two nearest to it; and afterthe _Extream Change_ is made, the _whole Hunt_ and _halfHunt_ must be _hunted_ as before. These _Six-score Changes_of _Second_ and _Fourth_, I have set down at large, at theend of my directions to these _Changes_ on five Bells. In every _Six-score_, the _Extream Changes_ may be madeeither between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the_half Hunt_, or between the two nearest to it, observingto make all the _Extreams_ in one _Six-score_ alike; thatis, if you make the first _Extream Change_ between the twofarthest _Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, you must makeall the following _Extreams_ in the same _Six score_ betweenthe two farthest _Extream_ Bells also; or if you make thefirst _Extream_ in any _Six-score_ between the two nearestto the _half Hunt_, you must make all the following _Extreams_in the same _Six-score_ between the two nearest also. The _Six-score_ plain and single _Changes_, are to be_Rang_ Eight-score several wayes; for although thereare but _Six-score_ several _Changes_ on five _Bells_, yet by altering the _whole Hunt_, the _half Hunt_, and_Extreams_, the course of the _Changes_ are so altered, that the same _Changes_ doe not come all along togetherin any two of those Eight-score wayes. With one _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_, the _Six-scoreChanges_ are to be _Rang_, or set down eight several wayes;one way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_, and _half Hunt_both up; the second way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_and _half Hunt_ both down; the third way, is in _hunting_the _whole Hunt_ up, and the _half Hunt_ down; the fourthway, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_ down, and the _halfHunt_ up; each of these four wayes is to be _Rang_ two wayesmore; one is, in making the _Extreams_ between the two farthestExtream Bells from the half Hunt, and the other way is in makingthem between the two nearest; for Example, in making the treblethe whole Hunt, and second the half Hunt, the Six-score are tobe Rang eight several wayes (viz. ) Extream Changes to be made between the 2 farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt. Treble and second both up Treble and second both down Treble down, and second up Treble up, and second down Extream Changes to be made between the two nearest Extream Bells to the half Hunt, which is called _Mediums_. Treble and second both up Treble and second both down Treble down, and second up Treble up, and second down On five Bells there are 20 Hunts, (i. E. ) a whole Hunt, andhalf Hunt twenty times, and not one; and the same wholeHunt, and half Hunt twice, as appears by the followingFigures, where they stand two and two together; one ofwhich is the whole Hunt, and the other the half Hunt: forExample, the 2 highest Figures are 1. 2 where the trebleis the whole Hunt, and the second the half Hunt. The twonext Figures are 1. 3 where the treble is the whole Hunt, and the third the half Hunt; and likewise the two last, or lowest Figures, are 5. 4 the fifth is the whole Hunt, and the fourth the half Hunt; and so of all the rest, thefirst Figure representing the whole Hunt, and the next toit the half Hunt. 1. 2 2. 1 3. 1 4. 1 5. 1 1. 3 2. 3 3. 2 4. 2 5. 2 1. 4 2. 4 3. 4 4. 3 5. 3 1. 5 2. 5 3. 5 4. 5 5. 4 So that there being twenty Hunts, and every one makingeight Six-scores (as in the Example of treble and second)that is twenty (which are the number of Hunts;) multipliedby eight (which are the number of Six-scores made by eachHunt) does produce Eight-score several wayes to Ring theSix-score Changes. In the Six-score Changes are comprehended the Twenty-four, andthe Six Changes: The Twenty-four Changes are made between thehalf Hunt, and the three Extream Bells; and the Six are madebetween the Extream Bells alone: The half Hunt in the Six-score, is the whole Hunt in the Twenty-four; and there is one Changein the Twenty-four made every time the whole Hunt comes beforeand behind the Bells; and one Change in the Six made everyExtream: So that the Six-score rightly understood, is nothingelse but hunting the half Hunt through every Change of the Six, which makes Twenty-four Changes: and then hunting the wholeHunt through each Change of the Twenty-four, which makesSix-score; for instance, in the first Six-score before setdown, where the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the halfHunt, and the 345 the Extream Bells. I take the Extream Bells, and set down the six Changes onthem thus. -- 345 435 453 543 534 354 345 Now I take the first of the six, which is 345, and set thesecond (which was the half Hunt in the Six-score) to it, and hunt it up behind thus. -- 2345 3245 3425 3452 Now I take the second Change of the six, which is 435, and set it directly under 345, and the second Bell to it, and hunt it down thus. -- 4352 4325 4235 2435 The second being hunted through the Change, I take thethird Change in the six, which is 453, and hunt the secondBell through it, as before. -- 2453 4253 4523 4532 And in the same course, the second being hunted through eachChange of the six, will make Twenty-four, one Change of thesix, hunting the second Bell through it, makes four Changes;so that the six Changes by hunting the second through eachof them, will make six times four Changes (i. E. ) Twenty-four. And now hunt the Treble through each of the Twenty-four Changes, and 'twill make Six-score; the first of the Twenty-four is 2345, take the Treble, and hunt it through it thus. -- 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 Now take the next Change of the Twenty-four, which is 3245, set it under the other Change, and hunt the Treble throughit thus. -- 32451 32415 32145 31245 13245 And in the same manner, hunting the Treble through each Changeof the Twenty-four, will produce Twenty-four times five Changes, which makes Six-score; one Change of the Twenty-four (in huntingthe Treble through it) makes five Changes. In every Six-score on 5 Bells, there are 6 Extream Changes, there being twenty Changes from one Extream to another. It would be an endless undertaking to set down all thesePeals at large, but for the convenience of the Learner, I have set down some part of several of them, which maywith ease be prickt out to the end of each Peal, as theLearner pleases. Note, That in the following Peals there is a Line drawnat each Extream Change between the Figures, to shew wherethe Extreams are made; as in the next Peal there is a Linedrawn between the Figures just 20 Changes from the beginningof the Peal, the change next after the Line is the ExtreamChange, which is 14352, and so of the rest; the Change nextfollowing each Line is the Extream. Treble and second both up, Extream between the two farthestExtream Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 32451 32415 32145 31245 13245 13425 31425 34125 34215 34251 34521 34512 34152 31452 13452 ----- 14352 41352 43152 43512 43521 43251 43215 43125 41325 14325 14235 41235 42135 42315 42351 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 ----- 12453 21453 24153 24513 24531 42531 42513 42153 41253 14253 14523 41523 45123 45213 45231 45321 45312 45132 41532 14532 ----- 15432 51432 54132 54312 54321 54231 54213 54123 51423 15423 15243 51243 52143 52413 52431 25431 25413 25143 21543 12543 ----- 12534 21534 25134 25314 25341 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 15324 51324 53124 53214 53241 53421 53412 53142 51342 15342 ----- 13542 31542 35142 35412 35421 35241 35214 35124 31524 13524 13254 31254 32154 32514 32541 23541 23514 23154 21354 12354 ----- 12345 Treble up, fifth down, Extreams between the two farthestExtream Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 23541 23514 23154 21354 12354 12534 21534 25134 25314 25341 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 ----- 15243 51243 52143 52413 52431 25431 25413 25143 21543 12543 12453 21453 24153 24513 24531 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 ----- 14235 41235 42135 42315 42351 42531 42513 42153 41253 14253 14523 41523 45123 45213 45231 54231 54213 54123 51423 15423 ----- 15432 51432 54132 54312 54321 45321 45312 45132 41532 14532 14352 41352 43152 43512 43521 43251 43215 43125 41325 14325 ----- 13425 31425 34125 34215 34251 34521 34512 34152 31452 13452 13542 31542 35142 35412 35421 53421 53412 53142 51342 15342 ----- 15324 51324 53124 53214 53241 35241 35214 35124 31524 13524 13254 31254 32154 32514 32541 32451 32415 32145 31245 13245 ----- 12345 Second down, and fourth up, Extream between the twofarthest Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 21345 21354 12354 13254 13524 13542 ----- 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 23145 32145 31245 31425 31452 34152 34125 34215 32415 23415 24315 42315 43215 43125 43152 ----- 43512 43521 43251 42351 24351 23451 Second and third both down, Extream between the twofarthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 21345 23145 32145 31245 31425 31452 ----- 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 21354 12354 13254 13524 13542 15342 15324 15234 12534 21534 21543 12543 15243 15423 15432 51432 51423 51243 52143 Third and fifth both up, Extream between the two farthestExtream Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 12435 12453 ----- 21453 21435 21345 23145 32145 32154 23154 21354 21534 21543 25143 25134 25314 23514 32514 35214 53214 52314 52134 52143 ----- 52413 52431 Fourth down, Treble up, Extream between the two nearestExtream Bells to the half Hunt. 12345 12435 14235 41235 42135 24135 21435 21345 21354 23154 23145 23415 24315 42315 42351 24351 23451 23541 23514 ----- 25314 25341 25431 24531 42531 42513 24513 25413 25143 25134 21534 21543 21453 24153 42153 41253 14253 12453 12543 12534 ----- 15234 15243 15423 14523 41523 45123 54123 51423 51243 51234 52134 52143 52413 54213 45213 45231 54231 52431 52341 52314 ----- 53214 53241 Fifth down, treble up, Extream Changes between the twofarthest Extream Bells from the Half Hunt. 12345 12354 12534 15234 51234 52134 25134 21534 21354 21345 23145 23154 23514 25314 52314 52341 25341 23541 23451 23415 32415 32451 32541 35241 53241 53214 35214 32514 32154 32145 31245 31254 Treble & second both down. 12345 12354 21354 23154 23514 23541 32541 32514 32154 31254 13254 13524 31524 35124 35214 35241 35421 Second & treble both down. 12345 21345 21354 12354 13254 13524 13542 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 23514 32514 35214 35124 35142 35412 The Changes on six Bells. On six Bells there are Seven-hundred and twenty Changes tobe made; but there are Peals of Six-score and Twelve-scoreChanges to be Rang on them. The Six-score Changes are tobe made, by observing a whole Hunt and half Hunt, whichare to be hunted in the same course, as in the Six-scoreon five Bells, and the Extream Changes to be made by thesame Rule as they were on five Bells. The only differencebetween the Six-score on six Bells, and those on five, arethis; whereas on five there are but three Extream Bells, on six there are four Extream Bells. And on five Bells, there are six Extream Changes in every Six-score; but on six, there are but four Extream Changes. And moreover, whereas inevery Six-score on five Bells, the Changes were the same ineach, although altered in course; but the Changes on six Bellsare not the same in each, for several Six-scores has severalChanges, one Six-score having many Changes which another hasnot, as in this Peal, treble and second both up, which is, 123456 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 324561 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 134256 314256 341256 342156 342516 342561 345261 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 134562 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 ------ 435621 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 143526 413526 431526 435126 435216 435261 432561 432516 432156 431256 413256 143256 142356 412356 421356 423156 423516 423561 243561 243516 243156 241356 214356 124356 ------ 124365 214365 241365 243165 243615 243651 423651 423615 423165 421365 412365 142365 143265 413265 431265 432165 432615 432651 436251 436215 436125 431625 413625 143625 143652 413652 431652 436152 436512 436521 ------ 346521 346512 346152 341652 314652 134652 134625 314625 341625 346125 346215 346251 342651 342615 342165 341265 314265 134265 132465 312465 321465 324165 324615 324651 234651 234615 234165 231465 213465 123465 ------ 123456 There are other Peals to be Rang on six Bells, asSix-scores on the five smallest, the tenor lying behindall the way. Treble and second, or treble and fifth, withthe tenor lying behind, makes very good Musick: Of whichPeals I need not give you any Example, these Six-scoresbeing the same with those on five Bells set down before. The Twelve-score Changes being only part of theSeven-hundred and twenty, and consequently the courseof each being one and the same, I will therefore shewthe course and method of the Seven-hundred and twenty, wherein the Twelve-score Changes are also included. In Ringing the Seven-hundred and Twenty, there is a wholeHunt, a half Hunt, a quarter Hunt, and three Extream Bells;the whole Hunt and half Hunt does hunt in the same courseand method, as they did in the Six-score on five Bells, and in the last Six-score; and the quarter Hunt removesin the same course under the half Hunt, as the half Huntdoes under the whole Hunt: for instance, when the wholeHunt is hunted either before or behind the Bells, then thehalf Hunt removes over one Bell; and when the half Huntis removed before or behind the quarter Hunt and ExtreamBells (at which time in a Six-score the Extream is made)then the quarter Hunt removes over one Bell, in the samecourse as the half hunt moves, when the whole Hunt is beforeor behind. An Example I will set down, which is 1, 2 and 3all up, that is to say, treble the whole Hunt, and to huntup, second the half Hunt, and to half hunt up, and third thequarter Hunt, and to quarter hunt up 4, 5 and 6 are ExtreamBells; there is alwayes an Extream Change to be made whenthe quarter Hunt comes before or behind the Extream Bells, there are two wayes to make the Extreams, which are the samehere, as in the Six-score on five, and made by the same Rule, I will here make it between the two farthest Extream Bellsfrom the quarter Hunt. Now the treble and second being thewhole Hunt and half Hunt, must be hunted in the same course, as in the Six-score on five Bells, after this manner. 123456 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 324561 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 134256 314256 341256 342156 342516 342561 345261 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 134562 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 The half Hunt being hunted up, the third is to remove upover one Bell, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt toremove again thus. 435621 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 143526 413526 431526 435126 435216 435261 432561 432516 432156 431256 413256 143256 142356 412356 421356 423156 423516 423561 243561 243516 243156 241356 214356 124356 The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted down, the quarterHunt must remove up over the fifth, and then the whole Huntand half Hunt must hunt up again, as in the following Changes. 124536 214536 241536 245136 245316 245361 425361 425316 425136 421536 412536 142536 145236 415236 451236 452136 452316 452361 453261 453216 453126 451326 415326 145326 145362 415362 451362 453162 453612 453621 The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarterHunt must be removed quite up over the sixth, as in thisChange 456321 the quarter Hunt being hunted up behind the Extream Bells, yet the Extream Change is not to be made, until the wholeHunt and half Hunt have both removed thorough the Bells, as in these Changes. 456312 456132 451632 415632 145632 145623 415623 451623 456123 456213 456231 452631 452613 452163 451263 415263 145263 142563 412563 421563 425163 425613 425631 245631 245613 245163 241563 214563 124563 It is to be observed for a constant Rule, that when thequarter Hunt removes either quite up behind the ExtreamBells, or down before them, the whole Hunt and half Huntmust hunt through the Bells before the Extream Change isto be made, as appears by the last Changes. The Extream Change is now to be made between the 4 and5, being the two farthest Extream Bells from the third, which is the quarter Hunt, thus. -- 125463 The Extream being made, the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt must be hunted as before; and firstthe whole Hunt and half Hunt are to be hunted up, as inthese Changes. 215463 251463 254163 254613 254631 524631 524613 524163 521463 512463 152463 154263 514263 541263 542163 542613 542631 546231 546213 546123 541623 514623 154623 154632 514632 541632 546132 546312 546321 The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarterHunt must hunt down under the sixth, which is the next Bellto it, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt downagain, as in the Changes following. 543621 543612 543162 541362 514362 154362 154326 514326 541326 543126 543216 543261 542361 542316 542136 541236 514236 154236 152436 512436 521436 524136 524316 524361 254361 254316 254136 251436 215436 125436 The quarter Hunt must be hunted down under the Fourth, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to hunt up again, as appears by these changes. 125346 215346 251346 253146 253416 253461 523461 523416 523146 521346 512346 152346 153246 513246 531246 532146 532416 532461 534261 534216 534126 531426 513426 153426 153462 513462 531462 534162 534612 534621 Now the quarter hunt is to be hunted down before theExtream Bells, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt tohunt again before the Extream Change is made. 354621 354612 354162 351462 315462 135462 135426 315426 351426 354126 354216 354261 352461 352416 352146 351246 315246 135246 132546 312546 321546 325146 325416 325461 235461 235416 235146 231546 213546 123546 The quarter Hunt being before the Extream Bells, theExtream Change is to be made: Here are just Twelve-score Changes already set down, andthe Bells may either be brought round, and so make an endat the Twelve-score, or else proceed forward to the end ofthe Seven hundred and twenty. If the bells are not broughtround here, they cannot come round, until the Seven-hundredand twenty Changes are all made, and then they come roundin course. To bring the Bells round at the end of theseTwelve-score Changes, the Extream is to be made betweenthe 5 and 4, which were the two Bells that made the lastExtream Change, and brings them round in their right placesagain, as appears by these figures 123456. There are but two Extream Changes in every Twelve-score, wherein 'tis constantly observed, that the last ExtreamChange is to be made between those two Bells which madethe first Extream, otherwise the Bells would not comeround at the end of the Twelve-score. Here I have somewhat deviated from my directions before, in making the Extream Changes; for in the last Change, whichis 123456, I made the Extream between the two nearest ExtreamBells to the quarter Hunt; but the Twelve-score Changes arean imperfect Peal, being only a third part of the Changeswhich are to be made on six Bells, and therefore not to bebrought round, unless the last Extream Change is made outof course. To have proceeded forward in the 720, the lastExtream should have been made between the 4 and 6, whichare the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter Hunt, the Change next before the Extream, is 123546; now the 4and 6 making an Extream Change, the Bells stand thus, 123564;the Extream being made, the whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, andquarter _hunt_ are to be hunted as before, and the ExtreamChanges to be made between the two farthest Extream Bells fromthe quarter _hunt_, which course will bring the Bells round intheir right places at the end of the 720. In every 720, thereare six Extream Changes, there being Six-score Changes betweeneach. The Twelve-score Changes are to be Rang with any whole_hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_, observing to makethe last Extream Change between those two Bells which madethe first. The 720 plain Changes are to be rang or set down Onethousand four hundred and forty several wayes, by alteringthe whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, quarter _hunt_, and ExtreamBells (but the course of each is the same with that whichis before set down) which I thus demonstrate. On 6 Bells, there are 120 several _hunts_, (viz. ) a whole _hunt_, half_hunt_, and quarter _hunt_ Six-score several times, and notone and the same whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter_hunt_ twice, as appears by these Figures. -- 123 213 312 412 512 612 124 214 314 413 513 613 125 215 315 415 514 614 126 216 316 416 516 615 132 231 321 421 521 621 134 234 324 423 523 623 135 235 325 425 524 624 136 236 326 426 526 625 142 241 341 431 531 631 143 243 342 432 532 632 145 245 345 435 534 634 146 246 346 436 536 635 152 251 351 451 541 641 153 253 352 452 542 642 154 254 354 453 543 643 156 256 356 456 546 645 162 261 361 461 561 651 163 263 362 462 562 652 164 264 364 463 563 653 165 265 365 465 564 654 --- --- --- --- --- --- These Figures stand three and three together, each threerepresents the three Hunts; that is, the first is the wholeHunt, the second Figure the half Hunt, and the third thequarter Hunt; for Example, the first three are 123, thetreble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, andthe third the quarter Hunt: The next three Figures are 124, there the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the halfHunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt; and the last threeFigures are 654, where the sixth is the whole Hunt, thefifth the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, andso of all the rest. With one whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, the Seven-hundred and twenty Changes are to be Rang, or set down twelve several wayes; for instance, take thefirst three Hunts in these Figures, which are 123, wherethe treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the third the quarter Hunt, which may be hunted sixseveral wayes, as followeth. Treble, second and third, all up. Treble and second up, third down. Treble up, second and third down. Treble, second and third, all down. Treble and second down, third up. Treble down, second and third up. Each of these are to be Rang two wayes, one is to makethe Extreams between the two farthest Extream Bells fromthe quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the Extreambetween the two next Bells to the quarter Hunt. By treble, second and third all up, is meant, that thetreble is the whole _hunt_, and to hunt up the firstChange at the beginning of the Peal; the second is thehalf _hunt_, and to half hunt up; that is, to move uptowards the hindmost Bells the first time it moves atthe beginning of the Peal; and the third is the quarter_hunt_, and to move likewise toward the hindmost Bellsthe first time it removes. And by treble and second up, and third down, is meant, that the treble and secondare to move up towards the hindmost Bell, the first timeeach removes at the beginning of the Peal; and the thirdbeing the quarter _hunt_, is to move down the first time, which are only directions for moving the _hunts_ at first, because they may be hunted either up or down. Sometimes it happens, that the _hunts_ cannot be huntedthat way which is proposed, as in the 720, treble, secondand third all down. -- 123456 The whole _hunt_ which is the treble, should now be hunteddown; but it being already before the Bells, insomuch thatit can be removed no lower; I should therefore remove thehalf _hunt_ down, but that being also down as low as itcan go, I should move the quarter _hunt_; and that beingalso down before the Extream Bells, I can move it no lower, unless I should move it down under the second, which is thehalf _hunt_, which must not be done; for when the quarter_hunt_ is down next before the _Extream Bell_, it must beremoved no lower; and when it is up next behind _ExtreamBell_, it is to be removed up no higher; therefore it beingnow before the _Extream Bell_, the _Extream Change_ is tobe made the first of all; and when that is done, the treble, second and third must be hunted up in course. Or if you maketreble and second down, and third up, then the first Changeis to be made, by moving the quarter _Hunt_ up over one _Bell_. And again, if you make Treble and Tenor both up, and Thirddown, first hunt up the Treble, and then the Tenor, whichis the half _Hunt_, should be moved up; but it being alreadybehind, the quarter _Hunt_, which is the Third, must moveunder one _Bell_, and then the whole _Hunt_ and half areto hunt in course after each other: Many Examples of thisNature I could set down, which for brevity sake I omit. I might demonstrate how the 720 are to be Rang twelve wayes, with each of the Six-score Hunts, as I did that of treble, second and third; but I think that altogether needless, sincethat Example makes it most plain and easie to be understood:But I will give a general Rule for hunting any whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, so as to produce six severalwayes to Ring the 720 Changes, which is this: Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, all hunted up. Whole Hunt, and half Hunt hunted up, and quarter Hunt down. Whole Hunt hunted up, half Hunt and quarter Hunt down. Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt hunted down. Whole Hunt and half Hunt hunted down, and quarter Hunt up. Whole Hunt hunted down, half Hunt and quarter Hunt hunted up. Which is a general Rule to Ring the 720 six wayes on any oneof the Six-score Hunts; each of which six wayes, may be Rangtwo wayes more, by altering the _Extream Changes_, one of whichis to make the _Extream Changes_ between the two next _ExtreamBells_ to the quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the_Extreams_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from it. The 720 Changes are to be Rang 12 wayes with one whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; so that with the Six-score Hunts, it is to be Rang Six-score times twelve wayes, which makesOne thousand four hundred and forty several wayes to Ringthis 720 plain Changes. In the 720, the half Hunt, the quarter Hunt, and the three_Extream_ Bells, makes the Six-score Changes on 5 Bellsin a perfect course, the half Hunt and quarter hunt in the720, being the whole Hunt and half Hunt in the Six-score;for Example, take the 23456, and set down the Six-scoreChanges on them, making the second the whole hunt, andthe third the half hunt; which when you have set down, then take the Treble, and hunt it through every Change ofthat Six-score, and it will make 720 Changes, the same withthose which I have set down before, The Twenty-four Changeson four Bells, and the six changes on three Bells, havealso a perfect course in the 720, in the same manner as Itold you they had in the Six-scores on five Bells. Thereis always one change in the Six-score made every time thewhole hunt comes before or behind the bells, which is everysixth change; and there's one change of the Twenty-fourmade, every time the whole hunt and half hunt comes beforeor behind the bells, which is once in thirty changes; andone change of the six made every extream, that is once insix-score changes. You may take the six-score changes onfive bells, treble the whole, and second the half hunt, before set down; and hunt the sixth bell through everychange of that six score, which will make the 720 changes;Tenor the whole hunt, Treble the half hunt, and Second thequarter hunt. This is not material for a Learner to know, it being onlyfor the instructions of those that know how to Ring it, but yet are ignorant of the true grounds thereof; thereforeI have dissected it, and shewed the grounds of each partof it. In this place, I will add a word or two to those thatpractise to Ring the Changes. They that Ring the extream bells in the Twenty-fourchanges, must mind and observe the motion of the hunt, that they may the better know when to make the extreamchanges; and likewise in a six-score on five bells, he that Rings the half hunt, must observe the motion ofthe whole hunt; and they that Ring the extream bells, must observe the motions both of the whole hunt, and halfhunt, that they may know when the half hunt is to move, and also when to make the extream changes; or else he thatdoes Ring the half hunt, may give notice of the extreamchanges (by saying _Extream_) the change next before theextream is to be made. The same is to be observed in thechanges on six bells. The whole hunt is the easiest bellto Ring in any changes, the half hunt is more plain andeasie to Ring, than an extream bell. All changes are tobe Rang either by _walking_ them (as the term is) or elseWhole-pulls, or Half-pulls. By _walking_ them, is meant, that the bells go round, four, six, eight times, or more, in one change, which is commonly used by young Practisers;it may be sometimes on five bells, Ringing the Twenty-fourchanges on the treble, second, third, and fourth, the fifthbell striking behind every change; and many other changesof the like nature may be practised this way by young Ringers. Whole-pulls, is to Ring two Rounds in one change, that is, Fore-stroke and Back-stroke, and in a change; so that everytime you pull down the bells at Sally, you make a new changediffering from that at the Back-stroke next before; thisWhole-pulls was altogether practised in former time, but oflate there is a more quick and ready way practised, calledHalf-pulls, which is--only one round in a change, that is, onechange made at the Fore-stroke, and another at the Back-stroke, which way is now altogether in use (unless it be at some greatbells, which are too weighty to be managed up so high a Compassat the Back-stroke, as Half-pulls requires) it being now acommon thing in _London_ to Ring the 720 _Changes_, _Treblesand Doubles_, and _Grandsire Bob_, _Half-pulls_, (which iscommonly Rang with so round and quick a Compass, that in thespace of half an hour, or little more, the 720 Changes areRang out from the beginning to the end. ) And also the Six-scores_Doubles and Singles_, _Old Doubles_, _Grandsire_, and manyother cross Peals on five bells, are commonly Rang Half-pulls. In Ringing Half-pulls some Peals do cut Compass, thatis--the whole _hunt_ comes to lead at the Back-stroke, to remedy which, make the first change of the Peal atthe Back-stroke. By these following Rules, you shall know what Peals docut Compass, and what not (i. E. ) of plain and singlechanges. _On six Bells_, In hunting either the treble, the third, or the fifth bellsdown, cuts Compass; hunting them up, does not cut Compass. In hunting the second, fourth, or sixth bells up, cutsCompass; but hunting them down, does not cut Compass. These Rules (leaving out the Tenor) serves for fivebells; and leaving out the fifth and Tenor, they servefor four bells. The Twelve score LONG HUNTS: Or the ESQUIRE'S Twelve-score. This Peal is to be Rang on six bells, having two whole_hunts_, and one half _hunt_; the common way of Ringing, it is to make the fifth and Tenor the whole _hunts_, andthe Treble the half _hunt_. The Tenor and fifth does each_hunt_ down by turns, and when either of them comes downbefore the bells, it leads twice, and then _hunts_ up again. The Treble, second, third, and fourth, makes the Twenty-fourchanges, one of which is made every time either of the whole_hunts_ leads: For instance, the Tenor is first to be _hunted_down, thus. -- 123456 123465 123645 126345 162345 612345 The tenor being hunted down, and lying before thebells, there is one change in the Twenty-four now tobe made between treble and second, thus. -- 621345 The tenor is to be hunted up into its place, and the fifthhunts down. -- 261345 216345 213645 213465 213456 213546 215346 251346 521346 The fifth being now before the bells, there is anotherchange in the Twenty-four to be made between the trebleand third, as in this change. -- 523146 The fifth is now to hunt up, and the tenor to hunt downagain, in which course they continue to the end of thePeal, observing to make an extream change, when thetreble (which is the hunt in the Twenty-four) comesbefore or behind the extream bells. 253146 235146 231546 231456 231465 231645 This Peal may be Rang by making the Twenty-four changesDoubles and Singles, in the place of the Twenty-four plainChanges, and many other wayes, which I leave to the Learnerto practise. The Variety of Changes on any Number of Bells. The changes on bells do multiply infinitely. On two bellsthere are two changes. On three bells are three times asmany changes as there are on two; that is--three times twochanges, which makes six. On four bells there are four timesas many changes as on three; that is--four times six changes, which makes Twenty-four. On five bells there are five timesas many changes as there are on four bells; that is--fivetimes Twenty-four changes, which makes Six-score. On sixbells are six times as many changes as there are on five;that is--six times Six-score changes, which makes Seven-hundredand twenty: And in the same manner, by increasing the number ofbells, they multiply innumerably, as in the Table of Figuresnext following; where each of the Figures in the Column of theleft hand, standing directly under one another (which are1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. ) do represent the number ofbells; and the Figures going along towards the right hand, directly from each of those twelve Figures, are the numberof changes to be rung on that number of bells which theFigure represents: For Example, the uppermost Figure on theleft hand is 2, which stands for two bells; and the Figurenext to it on the right hand is also 2, which stands fortwo changes; that is to say, on two bells there are twochanges. The next Figure below in the left Column is 3, which stands for three Bells; and the Figure next to iton the right hand is 6, which stands for six changes; thatis--on three bells are six changes, and so of the rest asfollows. bells changes 2 2 3 6 4 24 5 120 6 720 7 5040 8 40320 9 362880 10 3628800 11 39916800 12 479001600 The lowest of these figures are 479001600, that is, Fourhundred seventy nine Millions, one thousand six hundred, which are all the changes that can be made on twelve bells:And supposing that twelve men should take 12 bells withintent to ring the changes on them, they would be Seventyfive Years, ten Months, one Week and three Dayes in ringingthem, according to the proportion of ringing 720 changesin an hour; reckoning 24 hours to the day, and 365 dayesin the Year. Having given Directions for all sorts of plain and singleChanges, I will now proceed to Cross-peals, and first toDoubles and Singles on four Bells. Doubles And Singles on four Bells. On four bells there are 24 changes to be made Doublesand Singles, wherein are twelve double changes, and 12single; next to every double change, there is a single;so that 2 double changes do not come together in any placethroughout the Peal, neither does two single changes at anytime come together; but one change is double, and the nextis single, to the end of the Peal. Every double change ismade between the four bells; that is--there are two changesmade at one time, between the bells in treble and secondsplaces, and the bells in third and fourths places. Everysingle change is made between the two bells in the middle(i. E. ) in seconds and thirds places; excepting the extreamchanges, which are single, and made between the two farthestextream bells from the Hunt. An Example I here set down, making the treble the Hunt, and I hunt it up at the beginningof the Peal (for it may be hunted either up or down at pleasure)and I make an extream change every time the whole Hunt comesbefore the bells. In ringing it, 'tis observed, that everybell hunts in course, and lies twice before, and twice behind, except only when the extream is to be made, and then the twofarthest extream bells from the Hunt, does make a dodge, andthen moves in their former course, as in these changes. -- 1234 2143 2413 4231 4321 3412 3142 1324 Now the hunt is before the bells, there is an extreamchange made between the two farthest bells from it, whichare the 2 and 4, thus. -- 1342 The extream change being made, the bells are to move, as before, observing to make an extream change every timethe whole hunt comes before the bells. 3124 3214 2341 2431 4213 4123 1432 1423 4132 4312 3421 3241 2314 2134 1243 1234 In this last Twenty-four, the treble is hunted up at thebeginning; it may be rang by hunting it down, which is tobe down, by making the first a single change, and then huntit up as before. With one hunt this Peal may be rang six wayes (viz. ) threewayes in hunting it up at the beginning of each Peal, andthe other three wayes by hunting it down; the three wayesin hunting it up, differs only in making the extream changes;in one of the three wayes you must make an extream changeevery time the hunt comes before the bells to lead, as inthe Twenty-four changes before set down. Another way is tomake an extream every time the hunt comes behind. And thethird way, is to make an extream every time the hunt comesbefore and behind the bells. The three wayes in hunting itdown, are to be rang by making the extream changes, as inthe three wayes before; in hunting one bell, there are sixwayes to ring this Peal; therefore with the four bells (inmaking each of them to hunt) there are four times six wayesto ring it, which makes Twenty-four several wayes. And forthe benefit of the Learner, I have set down certain Rules, shewing how to begin any of the aforesaid Peals (viz. ) In hunting either the treble or third up, the first changeis double; but in hunting either of them down, the firstis single. In hunting the second or the fourth up, the first changeis single; but in hunting either of them down, the firstchange in each Peal must be double. Doubles and Singles on five Bells. There is a Peal to be rang on five bells, called Doublesand Singles, wherein are Six-score several changes, sixtyof which are double changes, and sixty are single; the doubleand single changes are so intermixt, that two double changesdoes not at any time come together in the Six-score; neitherare two single changes made next to each other in any partof this Peal, but one change is double, and the next single, in which course they are made to the end. Every double changeis made between the four foremost bells (i. E. ) in treble, second, third, and fourth places. When the whole hunt ishunting up, each single change is made between the wholehunt, and the next bell above it. In hunting down the singlechanges are made between the whole hunt, and the next bellbelow it, the whole hunt being alwayes one of the two bellswhich makes every single change, except only when it leads, and then the single change is made in third and fourths places;but the extream is also a single change, and made (when thewhole hunt leads) between the two farthest extream bellsfrom the half hunt; the half hunt is to lie either beforeor behind the extream bells, when the extream changes aremade, of which I shall shew you more anon. In this Peal there is a whole hunt, a half hunt, and threeextream Bells; the whole hunt in a direct course does huntup and down, and lies twice before, and twice behind allthe way; every other bell leads twice together throughoutthe Peal. And when the whole hunt leaves the thirds place, hunting up, then every bell that comes into second and thirds places, does lie in each of those places twice together, until thewhole hunt comes down again into thirds place, at which timethe bell in fourths place lies there twice, and then makesa dodge with the bell in thirds place (unless an extreamchange is to be made) and so removes directly down beforethe bells. And that bell which comes into the tenors place(when the whole hunt leaves that place hunting down) liesstill there, until the whole hunt removes up into that placeagain, except only when the extream is made behind, and thenthe bell in fourths place moves into tenors place, and liesthere until the whole hunt moves up into that place. With one whole hunt, and half hunt, this Peal may be rangsix wayes, in three of which the whole hunt is to be huntedup at the beginning of each Peal, which three wayes differsonly in making the extream changes. One way, is to make anextream change every time the half hunt comes before theextream bells, as in the following Six-score. The secondway, is to make an extream change every time the half huntcomes behind the extream bells. And the third way, is tomake an extream every time, the half hunt comes before andbehind the extream bells. In this last way there are sixextreams in each Peal, but in the other two ways there arebut three extreams in each Peal. The three wayes aforesaid, are to be rang, by hunting upthe whole hunt; but it may be rang three wayes more, inhunting down the same whole hunt, in which three ways theextreams are to be made, as I shewed you before. The wholehunt is alwayes to lead when every extream change is made. This Peal I have set down at large, making the treble thewhole hunt, the second the half hunt; and an extream changeevery time the half hunt comes before the extream bells, as in the following changes. I have drawn a Line betweenthe figures at the extream changes, that next below theLine is the extream. 12345 21435 24135 42315 42351 24531 24513 42153 41253 14523 14253 41523 45123 54213 54231 45321 45312 54132 51432 15342 15432 51342 53142 35412 35421 53241 53214 35124 31524 13254 13524 31254 32154 23514 23541 32451 32415 23145 21345 12435 ----- 12453 21543 25143 52413 52431 25341 25314 52134 51234 15324 15234 51324 53124 35214 35241 53421 53412 35142 31542 13452 13542 31452 34152 43512 43521 34251 34215 43125 41325 14235 14325 41235 42135 24315 24351 42531 42513 24153 21453 12543 ----- 12534 21354 23154 32514 32541 23451 23415 32145 31245 13425 13245 31425 34125 43215 43251 34521 34512 43152 41352 14532 14352 41532 45132 54312 54321 45231 45213 54123 51423 15243 15423 51243 52143 25413 25431 52341 52314 25134 21534 12354 ----- 12345 This Peal may be rang Six-score several wayes; there beingtwenty hunts on five bells (that is--a whole hunt, and halfhunt twenty times on five bells, and not one and the samewhole hunt and half hunt twice, as I shewed more at largein the plain changes on five bells before set down) andwith each hunt, that is, with one whole hunt and half hunt, it may be rang six wayes; so that multiply twenty, (whichare the number of hunts) by six, (which are the number ofPeals to be rung on each hunt) and it will produce Six-scoreseveral wayes to ring it. It may be prick't, or rang Six-score several wayes more, bymaking the extream changes when the whole hunt lies behindthe bells, but those wayes are never practised; neither doI think it material to say any thing more of them in thisplace, having only inserted this, to shew the great varietythere is in this Peal. It being somewhat difficult to knowthe true way of beginning each Peal, I have therefore setdown certain Rules, shewing how the first changes in eachare to be made. In hunting the treble, the third, or the fifth bells up, the first change in each Peal is to be made double. In hunting the treble down, the first change is single inthird and fourths places, unless the half hunt lies so, as that the extream is to be made. In hunting the third or fifth down, the first change isto be made single, between the whole hunt, and the nextbell below it. In hunting up the second or fourth, the first change ineach Peal is single, between the whole hunt, and the nextbell above it. In hunting down the second or fourth, the first change isto be made double. Every double change in all the Peals of Doubles andSingles, is made between the four foremost bells; thatis--in treble, second, third and fourths places. Tendring's Six-score on five Bells. In this Peal are contained Six-score changes, which areDoubles and Singles, there being sixty double changes in it, and sixty single, which are so intermixt, that two doublechanges does not come together in any part of the Peal;neither are there 2 single changes at any time made together, but one change is double, and the next to it is single; inwhich course the changes are all made to the end of the Peal. Every single change is made between the 2 hindmost bells. There is a whole hunt and half hunt in it. The observationin ringing it, is this: When the whole hunt lies before thebells, and is to hunt up, first it moves up into secondsplace, where it lies twice; then into thirds place, whereit lies also twice; then into the fourths place, where itlies once; and in the tenors place once: Then it makes adodge with the bell in fourths place, after which it liestwice behind; then it moves down into fourths place, andmakes a dodge with the bell in tenors place, and then movesdown into thirds place, where it lies twice, and in theseconds place twice, and then it leads four times; afterwhich, it hunts again, as before. The course of the otherfour bells are exactly the same with that of the whole hunt, in moving up and down, except only when the Bob changes aremade, and then they differ; but after the Bobs are made, their course is the same as before; every bell lies fourtimes together before the bells, and twice in the secondsplace without any alteration. In this Peal are two sortsof Bobs; one of which is called a double Bob, and the othera single Bob. The Rule for making the double Bob is this, when the whole hunt is hunting down, and lies in the secondsplace, and the half hunt lies behind, then there's a doubleBob; that is, two Bob-changes; one of which is made the nextchange, wherein the whole hunt moves down to lead; wherehaving led four times, there is then another Bob-change tobe made, in which the whole hunt moves up into the secondsplace. The Rule for making the single Bob, is this, whenthe whole hunt has led four times, and the half hunt liesin thirds place; then the next change following is a singleBob, that is--one Bob-change, in which the whole hunt movesout of the trebles place up into the seconds place, everyBob is a double change, and made between the two first, andtwo last bells, the bell in thirds place lying still wheneach Bob is made, where it lies four times together, andthen moves down; every time the whole hunt comes before thebells, there is either a single Bob, or a double Bob made. At every double Bob, those two bells that do dodge behindat the first Bob-change, continues dodging until the wholehunt moves up, and parts them: And likewise at the singleBob, those 2 bells which do dodge behind at the Bob-change, continue dodging until the whole hunt moves up, and partsthem, as in the following changes, where the treble is thewhole hunt, the tenor the half hunt, and the first is aBob-change, being supposed to be the second Bob-change ofa double Bob. 12345 21354 21345 23154 23145 32415 32451 34215 34251 43521 43512 45321 45312 54132 54123 51432 51423 15243 15234 12543 12534 21543 21534 25143 25134 52314 52341 53214 53241 35421 35412 34521 34512 43152 43125 41352 41325 14352 14325 13452 13425 31452 31425 34152 34125 43215 43251 42315 42351 24531 24513 25431 25413 52143 52134 51243 51234 15324 15342 13524 13542 31524 31542 35124 35142 53412 53421 54312 54321 45231 45213 42531 42513 24153 24135 21453 21435 12453 12435 14253 14235 41253 41235 42153 42135 24315 24351 23415 23451 32541 32514 35241 35214 53124 53142 51324 51342 15432 15423 14532 14523 41532 41523 45132 45123 54213 54231 52413 52431 25341 25314 23541 23514 32154 32145 31254 31245 13254 13245 12354 12345 This Peal was made out of _Grandsire_ on five bells, the Bob-changes in this, being the same with those in_Grandsire_, and made by the same Rule. Paradox on five Bells. This Peal of _Paradox_ is to be rang on five bells, whereinare Six-score changes, they are Doubles and Singles; thatis--one change double, and another single; in which coursethey are made to the end of the Peal. Every single changeis made in second and thirds places, except only when thewhole Hunt leads, and then 'tis made in third and fourthsplaces; but the extream Changes are (also single) and madebetween the two farthest extream bells from the half Hunt;the whole Hunt lies before the bells, when every extreamchange is made. Every bell lies four times together before, and four times behind, except only when the extream changesare made behind. There is a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, andthree extream bells; the course of the whole Hunt is this, it being before the bells, first it moves up into the secondand thirds places, then it makes a dodge with the bell inseconds place, and moves out of the thirds place up intofourths, where it lies alwayes twice, then moves up behind, where it lies four times, and then moves down into fourthsplace, where having lay twice, it hunts down into secondsplace, and makes a dodge with the bell in thirds place, andthen moves down before the bells, where having lay twice, it hunts as before; each of the other bells has the samecourse (in hunting up and down) as the whole Hunt untilthe whole Hunt leads, at which time every bell that comesinto seconds place lies there twice together, unless theextream change is to be made in second and thirds places. In this following Peal the treble is the whole Hunt, andthe second the half Hunt; the extream changes are made, when the half Hunt lies before the extream bells. 12435 21435 24135 21453 24153 42513 45213 42531 45231 54321 53421 54312 53412 35142 31542 35124 31524 13254 13524 15342 15432 51342 53142 51324 53124 35214 32514 35241 32541 23451 24351 23415 24315 42135 41235 42153 41253 14523 14253 12435 ----- 12453 21543 25143 21534 25134 52314 53214 52341 53241 35421 34521 35412 34512 43152 41352 43125 41325 14235 14325 13452 13542 31452 34152 31425 34125 43215 42315 43251 42351 24531 25431 24513 25413 52143 51243 52134 51234 15324 15234 12543 ----- 12534 21354 23154 21345 23145 32415 34215 32451 34251 43521 45321 43512 45312 54132 51432 54123 51423 15243 15423 14532 14352 41532 45132 41523 45123 54213 52413 54231 52431 25341 23541 25314 23514 32154 31254 32145 31245 13425 13245 12354 ----- 12345 I have drawn a Line between the Figures at the extreamchanges, that next below each Line is the extream; thefirst extream is Forty changes from the beginning. This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four changesDoubles and Singles on four bells. The half Hunt, and three extream bells in this Peal, makes the Twentyfour changes in a perfect course. There are four changesmade in the Twenty-four every time the whole Hunt leads, which coming before the bells six times in the Six-score, and each time lying there four times together, makes sixtimes four changes, which is Twenty four. 'Tis easily madeout, if you take every change that is made when the wholeHunt is before the bells in the Six-score before, and setthe changes down by themselves (leaving out the treble)where you will find, that the second, third, fourth andfifth, make the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles, in a perfect course; second is the Hunt, and the extreamsare made when the Hunt is before. _Paradox_ may be rang Six-score several wayes. With onewhole Hunt, and half Hunt, it may be rang six wayes, in three of which the whole Hunt is to be hunted up;and in the other three wayes it is to be hunted down, in which six wayes the extream changes are to be madeby the same Rules, and in the same manner, as I shewedbefore in the Six-score Doubles and Singles on five bells;so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be prick't or rangtwenty times six wayes, which makes Six-score. This Peal may be prick't Six-score wayes more, by makingthe extreams when the whole Hunt lies behind the bells, but that being never practised, I will say no more of it. Ihave here set down some general Rules for beginning theseveral Peals of _Paradox_ by the former course (i. E. ) inmaking the extreams when the whole Hunt is before the bells. In hunting the treble up, the first change is doublebetween the four first bells, thus. -- 12345 21435 In hunting the treble down, the first change is single inthird and fourths places (thus. --12345 12435) unless the half Hunt lies so, that the extreams maybe made. Second up, the first change is single in second and thirdsplaces, thus. -- 12345 13245 Second down, the first change is double between the fourfirst bells. Third up, the first change is double between the fourfirst bells. Third down, the first change is single in second andthirds places. Fourth up, the first change is double between the fourhindmost bells, thus. -- 12345 13254 Fourth down, the first change is double between the fourfirst bells. Fifth up, the first change is single in second and thirdsplaces. Fifth down, the first change is double between the fourhindmost bells. If you observe these Rules aright, together with my formerdirections, you may with much ease prick down any Peal of_Paradox_. PHOENIX. On five Bells. This Peal has Six score changes in it, which are Doublesand Singles; the tenor is the whole Hunt, and the fourththe half Hunt. Every bell lies twice before, and four timesbehind; every single change is made in second and thirdsplaces, and every bell that comes into fourths place, liesthere twice together, until the tenor comes behind; at whichtime, the fourth lying in the seconds place, the next singlechange is made in third and fourths places; but the tenorlying behind, and the fourth in thirds place, then the twonext following single changes are in third and fourths places. 12345 21354 23154 32514 35214 53241 52341 25431 24531 42513 45213 54123 51423 15432 14532 41352 43152 34125 34215 43125 41325 14352 13452 31542 35142 53124 51324 15234 12534 21543 25143 52413 54213 45231 42531 24351 23451 32415 32145 23415 23145 32154 31254 13524 15324 51342 53142 35412 34512 43521 45321 54231 52431 25413 24513 42153 41253 14235 14325 41235 42135 24153 21453 12543 15243 51234 52134 25314 23514 32541 35241 53421 54321 45312 43512 34152 31452 13425 13245 31425 31245 13254 12354 21534 25134 52143 51243 15423 14523 41532 45132 54312 53412 35421 34521 43251 42351 24315 24135 42315 43215 34251 32451 23541 25341 52314 53214 35124 31524 13542 15342 51432 54132 45123 41523 14253 12453 21435 21345 12435 12345 London Pleasure on five Bells. In this Peal called _London Pleasure_, are Six-scorechanges, which are all single. It being a confused Pealto ring, I shall say nothing more of it, but expose it toview, as in the following changes. 12345 21345 21354 12354 12534 21534 25134 25314 23514 23154 23145 23415 23451 23541 25341 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 15243 51243 52143 25143 21543 12543 12453 21453 24153 24513 25413 52413 52431 25431 24531 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 14235 41235 41253 14253 14523 41523 45123 45213 42513 42153 42135 42315 42351 42531 45231 54231 54213 54123 51423 15423 ----- 15432 ----- 51432 54132 45132 41532 14532 14352 41352 43152 43512 45312 54312 54321 45321 43521 43251 43215 43125 41325 14325 13425 31425 31452 13452 13542 31542 35142 35412 34512 34152 34125 34215 34251 34521 35421 53421 53412 53142 51342 15342 15324 51324 53124 35124 31524 13524 13254 31254 32154 32514 35214 53214 53241 35241 32541 32451 32415 32145 31245 13245 ----- 12345 What you please. Doubles and Singles on 5 Bells. Every bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, exceptwhen the extream is made behind, and twice in the secondsplace, except when the extream is before; and note, whenthe treble is before the fourth stroke, the single is insecond and third, the next time the single is behind; butat other times, the single is in third and fourths places. When any bell leaves leading, the double change is on thetwo first, and two last, and the extreams are made by turns, first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for thereare six extreams. 12345 21354 21534 25143 25413 52431 52341 53214 53124 35142 35412 34521 34251 43215 43125 41352 41532 14523 14253 12435 ----- 12453 21435 21345 23154 23514 32541 32451 34215 34125 43152 43512 45321 45231 54213 54123 51432 51342 15324 15234 12543 ----- 15243 51234 51324 53142 53412 35421 35241 32514 32154 23145 23415 24351 24531 42513 42153 41235 41325 14352 14532 15423 ----- 15432 51423 51243 52134 52314 25341 25431 24513 24153 42135 42315 43251 43521 34512 34152 31425 31245 13254 13524 15342 ----- 13542 31524 31254 32145 32415 23451 23541 25314 25134 52143 52413 54231 54321 45312 45132 41523 41253 14235 14325 13452 ----- 13425 31452 31542 35124 35214 53241 53421 54312 54132 45123 45213 42531 42351 24315 24135 21453 21543 12534 12354 13245 ----- 12345 Reading Doubles. On five Bells. In this Peal are Six-score changes, the treble is a Hunt;and note when treble is in thirds place hunting up, the twoforemost bells dodge until it comes into the same placehunting downwards; and alwayes when the treble is goingto lead, the four first bells makes the double change, if the third be behind; but if it be before, the doubleis on the two first and two last; every bell lieth twicebehind, except when the treble goes to lead, if the thirdbe before; and note, when it is 1, 3, 2, there is a singlein second and thirds places, which is twice, once at theThree-score end, and Six-score end. 12345 21435 24153 42513 24531 42351 24315 42135 41253 14523 15432 51342 53124 35214 53241 35421 53412 35142 31524 13542 15324 51234 52143 25413 52431 25341 52314 25134 21543 12453 14235 41325 43152 34512 43521 34251 43215 34125 31452 13425 14352 41532 45123 54213 45231 54321 45312 54132 51423 15243 12534 21354 23145 32415 23451 32541 23514 32154 31245 13254 12354 21534 25143 52413 25431 52341 25314 52134 51243 15423 14532 41352 43125 34215 43251 34521 43512 34152 31425 13452 14325 41235 42153 24513 42531 24351 42315 24135 21453 12543 15234 51324 53142 35412 53421 35241 53214 35124 31542 13524 15342 51432 54123 45213 54231 45321 54312 45132 41523 14253 12435 21345 23154 32514 23541 32451 23415 32145 31254 13245 12345 Old Doubles. On five Bells. This Peal call'd _Old Doubles_, is to be rang on five bells, wherein are Six-score changes, which are all Doubles, exceptonly when the whole Hunt leads, and then there is always asingle change made. It has a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, andthree extream bells; every bell leads twice together all theway, and lies twice behind, except only when the whole Huntleads, and then the bell behind lies there four times together, unless the extream is made behind, and then but twice. Everybell hunts in a perfect course, until the whole Hunt leads, and then the single is to be made, at which time the bellin seconds place lies there twice (unless the extream is madein second and thirds place) and every single change is madein third and fourths places, except the extreams which are(in this Peal) made by the same rule and after the samemanner, as I shewed before in the Six-score call'd Doublesand Singles on five bells. In making the single changes inthird and fourths places, it is observed, that the bell whichlies in fourths place (the change next before the single) ishunting up; and in making the single change, it does dodgewith the bell in thirds place, and so hunts up behind; andlikewise the bell that lies in thirds place (in the changenext before the single) is hunting down, and in making thesingle it does dodge with the bell in fourths place, andthen hunts directly down. In this following Peal, the treble is the whole Hunt, thesecond the half Hunt, and an extream change is alwayes made, when the half Hunt lies before the extream bells next to thewhole Hunt; every extream is made between the two farthestextream bells from the half Hunt, as in the following changes. 12345 21435 24153 42513 45231 54321 53412 35142 31524 13254 13524 31254 32145 23415 24351 42531 45213 54123 51432 15342 15432 51342 53124 35214 32541 23451 24315 42135 41253 14523 14253 41523 45132 54312 53421 35241 32514 23154 21345 12435 12453 21543 25134 52314 53241 35421 34512 43152 41325 14235 14325 41235 42153 24513 25431 52341 53214 35124 31542 13452 13542 31452 34125 43215 42351 24531 25413 52143 51234 15324 15234 51324 53142 35412 34521 43251 42315 24135 21453 12543 12534 21354 23145 32415 34251 43521 45312 54132 51423 15243 15423 51243 52134 25314 23541 32451 34215 43125 41352 14532 14352 41532 45123 54213 52431 25341 23514 32154 31245 13425 13245 31425 34152 43512 45321 54231 52413 25143 21534 12354 12345 This Peal of _Old Doubles_, is grounded on the Twenty-fourchanges Doubles and Singles on four bells, which are madein a perfect course herein; every time the whole Hunt leads, there are two changes made in the Twenty-four; the half Hunt, and three extream bells, makes the Twenty-four changes, andevery single change in this Peal, is a single change in theTwenty-four. This Peal may be rang Six-score several wayes; with onewhole Hunt, and half Hunt, it is to be rang six wayes(i. E. ) three wayes in hunting up the whole Hunt at thebeginning of the Peal, and the other wayes in huntingit down; in which six wayes, the Extream Changes areto be made by the same rule, and in the same manner, as those in the Six-score Doubles and Singles on fiveBells, and _Paradox_ before set down; so that with thetwenty Hunts, it may be rang twenty times six wayes, which makes Six-score. In these Six-score wayes, the whole Hunt is before theBells when every single Change is made; but it may be rangSix-score several wayes more, by making the single Changeswhen the whole Hunt lies behind them, which being neverpractised, I will say no more of it. For the convenience and benefit of the Practitioner, I have set down certain rules, shewing how to begin eachPeal of _Old Doubles_ (with any Hunt) by the former course(i. E. ) in making the single Changes, when the whole Huntlies before the Bells, these Rules serving only for movingthe whole Hunt at the beginning of each Peal, for it maybe hunted either up or down. In hunting either the treble, third, or fifth Bells up, the first change is made between the four foremost Bells, thus. -- 12345 21435 --The treble down, the first change is single in third andfourths places, unless the half Hunt lies so, as that theExtream is to be made. --The third or fifth down, the first change is betweenthe four hindmost Bells, thus. -- 12345 13254 --The second or fourth up, the first change is betweenthe four hindmost Bells. --The second or fourth down, the first change between thefour foremost Bells. In ringing any of these Peals, where the first change ismade between the four hindmost Bells, it must be made atthe Back-stroke, otherwise the Bells will cut Compass allthe way; every double change is made either between thefour foremost, or four hindmost bells. New Doubles. On five Bells. In this Peal of _New Doubles_, there are Six-score Changes, which are all double, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then there is alwayes a single Change made; it has awhole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three Extream Bells. The wholeHunt has a perfect course in hunting up and down, and liestwice before, and twice behind. When the whole Hunt leavesthe thirds place hunting up, then each Bell that comes intothat place, lies there twice, and then moves up behind; andthe Bells in treble and seconds places, does continue dodgingfrom the time that the whole Hunt hunts up out of thirdsplace, until it comes into that place again hunting down; andthat Bell which comes into thirds place (when the whole Huntleaves it hunting down, lies there twice, and then moves upbehind) and the next Bell that comes into that place, liesthere twice also, and then moves down before the Bells. Butnote, that Bell which lies in the thirds place (in the Changenext before the Extream) continues there, until the wholeHunt hunts up into that place, and then it moves down; whenthe whole Hunt leads the Bell in seconds place, lies theretwice together, and then moves down before the Bells; andevery Bell that comes behind, lies there twice, except onlyin the Change next before, and that next after the whole Huntleads; every single Change is made in third and fourthsplaces, except the Extreams, which are also single Changes, and made between the two hindmost Bells, when the half Huntlies before the Extream Bells next to the whole Hunt. These directions are only for Ringing this Peal nextfollowing; but it may be Rang many other wayes, by makingthe Extream Changes in other places, of which I shall speakmore anon. 12345 21354 23145 32415 23451 32541 23514 32154 31245 13254 13524 31542 35124 53214 35241 53421 35412 53142 51324 15342 15432 51423 54132 45312 54321 45231 54213 45123 41532 14523 14253 41235 42153 24513 42531 24351 42315 24135 21453 12435 ----- 12453 21435 24153 42513 24531 42351 24315 42135 41253 14235 14325 41352 43125 34215 43251 34521 43512 34152 31425 13452 13542 31524 35142 53412 35421 53241 35214 53124 51342 15324 15234 51243 52134 25314 52341 25431 52413 25143 21534 12543 ----- 12534 21543 25134 52314 25341 52431 25413 52143 51234 15243 15423 51432 54123 45213 54231 45321 54312 45132 41523 14532 14352 41325 43152 34512 43521 34251 43215 34125 31452 13425 13245 31254 32145 23415 32451 23541 32514 23154 21345 12354 ----- 12345 This Peal may be Rang Six-score several wayes. With onewhole Hunt, and half Hunt, it may be Rang six wayes; inthree of which, the whole Hunt is to be hunted up, andin the other three wayes it is to be hunted down; whichsix wayes are to be Rang, by making the Extream changesby the same rules, and in the same manner, as in Doublesand Singles on five Bells, _Old Doubles_, and _Paradox_, before set down; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may beRang twenty times six wayes; which makes Six-score. This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four Changes, Doublesand Singles on four Bells, the half Hunt and three ExtreamBells makes the Twenty-four Changes in perfect course; andin the same manner, as I shewed you in _Paradox_, and _OldDoubles_. These following rules shews how to begin any Peal of_New Doubles_. In hunting either the treble or fourth up, the first changemust be double between the two first, and two last Bells, thus. -- 12345 21354 In hunting the treble down, the first change is single inthird and fourths places, unless the extream is to be made. --The fourth down, the first change is between the fourfirst Bells. Second up, first change double between the four hindmostBells. Second down, the first change is double between the twofirst, and two last Bells. Third up, first change double between the four foremostBells. Third down, first change double between the four hindmostBells. Fifth up, double between the four first Bells. Fifth down, first change double, two first and two lastBells. Grandsire on five Bells. _Grandsire_ is the best and most ingenious Peal that ever wascomposed, to be rang on five bells, it having no dependanceon the course of any other Peal. There are Sixscore changesin it, in pricking of which, there is the greatest variety ofany other Peal whatsoever; for it may be prick't or rang somethousands of wayes. The common way of ringing it, is to makethe Bobs and single changes when the whole Hunt leads, whichcourse and method I will first set down, and afterward saysomething of the other wayes in ringing it. It has a wholehunt and half hunt, the changes are all double except two, which are single. The whole hunt has a perfect course inhunting up and down, and lies twice together before, andtwice behind all the way; every other bell has the samecourse as the whole hunt, in moving and hunting up and down;and each bell lead twice together all the way, and lie twicetogether behind, except only at the Bobs. Every Bob-change ismade between the two first and two last bells, the bell inthirds place lies full when every Bob-change is made, andthen moves down; and every other double change is made betweenthe four bells that stand together (viz. ) either the fourfirst, or four last bells. There are two sorts of Bobs, oneof which is call'd a single Bob, and the other a double. TheRule for making the single Bob is this--When the whole huntleads, and the half hunt lies in thirds place, the next is aBob-change; in making of which, the whole hunt moves out ofthe trebles place up into the seconds place hunting up, andthe bell which lies behind in the change next before the Bob, makes a dodge with the bell in fourths place, and then liestwice behind; and that bell which did dodge with the bell intenors place, moves directly down; this is a single Bob, thatis, one Bob-change. The Rule for making the double Bob isthis--When the whole hunt lies in the seconds place huntingdown, and the half hunt behind, then there is a double Bob, that is, two Bob-changes, one of which is made the nextchange wherein the whole Hunt moves out of the seconds placedown before the bells, and the other bob is made the nextchange but one to it, in which the whole Hunt moves frombefore the bells up into the seconds place; the bell whichlies in the thirds place when every Bob-change is made, liesthere twice, and then moves down. And at every double Bob, the two hindmost bells continue dodging until the whole Huntmoves up into the seconds place, and parts them. Every timethe whole Hunt comes before the bells, there is either asingle Bob, or double Bob made, which comes by turns, onesingle, and the next double throughout the Peal. The greatest variety of this Peal consists in making thesingle changes. In this way of Ringing it (with any wholeHunt and half Hunt) the first single change may be madeeither at the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixthBobs, at the single or double Bobs at pleasure; observingfor a constant Rule, that the half Hunt is alwayes one ofthe two bells which makes every single change; for the singlechanges are so contrived, that (in making them) the wholeHunt and half Hunt are to continue their constant course asat other times. At the single Bob, the single change is madein seconds and thirds places; and at the double Bob, 'tismade in fourth and fifths places, the other three bells lyingstill in their places, whil'st each single change is made;the next change to each single, is a Bob-change; every singlechange is made when the whole hunt lies before the bells;there being alwayes sixty changes, from the first singlechange to the second; if the first single change is made at asingle bob, then the second single change must be made at thethird single bob from it; or if the first single change ismade at a double bob, the second single change must be madeat the third double bob from that where the first was made. This Peal may be rang without making any single changetherein, which is done by making a double change tosupply the place of it. There are two of these doublechanges in each Peal; the first of them may be made atany bob within sixty changes from the beginning of thePeal, and the second is to be made just sixty changesfrom the first. At a double bob, it may be made at eitherof the two bob-changes; at the first of them, 'tis madeby moving the whole Hunt down, and the bell in thirds placeup over two bells at once into the tenors place, thus:-- 41325 14253 In making it at the second bob change of the double bob, 'tis the same as at the first, only in that the whole Huntmoved down to lead; but in this it must move up from beforethe bells into the seconds place, as in this change:-- 12435 21354 The changes next following these, are the same as at othertimes. At the single bob, 'tis to be made when the wholeHunt lies in the seconds place hunting down; in which placeit may be made two wayes, in one of which the bell in thirdsplace is to be moved up behind, in the same manner as Ishowed you at the double bob: The other way, is to movethe bell in tenors place down into the thirds place, thus:-- 51423 15342 Now the reason wherefore at this place it may be made twowayes, and at each of the double bob changes but one way, isthis; At the double bob, the half Hunt lies behind, whichcannot be moved into thirds place, for that would put it outof its course; but in the single bob, the half Hunt lyingbefore the bells, and the whole Hunt in seconds place, sothat neither of those bells are concerned therein; thereforeit may be made either by moving the bell in thirds place upbehind, or else by moving the hindmost bell down into thirdsplace, both which are to one effect, though different changes;for these changes are so continued, that (in making them)the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to continue their constantcourse, as at other times. I have here set down this Peal of Grandsire, making thetreble the whole Hunt, and the tenor the half Hunt, andthe first single change is made the sixth bob; that is, the third double bob, which is sixty changes from thebeginning of the Peal; you may know the single change, bythe line drawn between the figures at the single change, that next after the line is the single: Grandsire is mostcommonly rang, as it is here prickt; but it may be rangany other way, according to my directions before. 12345 21354 23145 32415 34251 43521 45312 54132 51423 15243 12534 21543 25134 52314 53241 35421 34512 43152 41325 14352 13425 31452 34125 43215 42351 24531 25413 52143 51234 15324 13542 31524 35142 53412 54321 45231 42513 24153 21435 12453 14235 41253 42135 24315 23451 32541 35214 53124 51342 15432 14523 41532 45123 54213 52431 25341 23514 32154 31245 13254 ----- 13245 31254 32145 23415 24351 42531 45213 54123 51432 15342 13524 31542 35124 53214 52341 25431 24513 42153 41235 14253 12435 21453 24135 42315 43251 34521 35412 53142 51324 15234 12543 21534 25143 52413 54231 45321 43512 34152 31425 13452 14325 41352 43125 34215 32451 23541 25314 52134 51243 15423 14532 41523 45132 54312 53421 35241 32514 23154 21345 12354 ----- 12345 Grandsire may be rang another way (i. E. ) in making thebobs when the whole Hunt is before the bells (as in theformer way) and to make the single changes when it liesbehind (viz. ) the first single change may be made at anytime when the whole Hunt comes behind, provided it be madewithin sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal; ifit is made the next time the whole Hunt comes behind aftera single bob, it is in treble and seconds places; aftera double bob, it is made in third and fourths places, thewhole Hunt lying behind when each single change is made, andthe second single change must be made just sixty changes fromthe first. In all the several Peals of Grandsire by the courseaforesaid, the first changes in each Peal must be made bythese following Rules: With these ten Hunts, the whole Hunt is to be hunted up at the beginning of each Peal. B 1, 3 B 1, 5 2, 3 2, 4 3, 2 3, 5 4, 1 4, 5 5, 1 5, 4 With these ten Hunts, the first change in each Peal is made by hunting the whole Hunt down. 1, 2 1, 4 2, 1 B 2, 5 3, 1 3, 4 4, 2 4, 3 5, 2 5, 3 These are the twenty Hunts on five bells, which are setdown in Page 26. The two figures which stand together, dorepresent the whole Hunt and half Hunt; for instance, theuppermost figures are 1, 3; the 1 is the whole Hunt, and the3 is the half Hunt, and so of the rest. Where the letterB stands by the Hunt, the first change that Hunt makes isa Bob: But with all the other Hunts, the first change iseither between the four first, or four last bells; yet thefirst change in many of them may be made single, as in 1, 2:1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 2, 1: 2, 3: 3, 1: 3, 5: 4, 1: 4, 3: 1, 5: 5, 1: 5, 4: In hunting the treble down, the first change is madebetween the four hindmost bells; and in hunting thefifth bell up, the first change is made between the fourforemost bells. There is another way to Ring this Peal of Grandsire, whichis, to make the bobs and single changes when the whole huntlies behind the bells; but this is not convenient to bepractised, therefore I will say no more of it in this place, having only mentioned this, to shew the great variety thereis in this Peal. This Peal of Grandsire is to be Rang by another course, viz. To make the bobs when the whole hunt is behindthe bells, and the single changes, when it lies beforethem. This is the absolute foundation from whence theexcellent Peal of Grandsire bob (on six bells) had itsbeginning and method, and by practising to prick downthis Peal, and by observing the true course and methodof the bobs and single changes herein, you may with thegreatest ease understand the true course of the bobs andsingle changes in Grandsire bob on six bells, for the halfhunt, the quarter hunt, and the three extream bells (inGrandsire bob on six bells) do make these sixscore changes;every time the whole hunt leads in Grandsire bob, there aretwo changes made in this Peal of Grandsire on five bells:And so consequently, the single changes in Grandsire bobare made by the same rule and method as they are in thisPeal. The Rule for making the bobs in this Peal, is this(viz. ) when the whole hunt lies in the fourths place huntingup, and the half hunt leads, the next is a double Bob: Andwhen the whole hunt lies in the tenors place, and the halfhunt in thirds place, then the next change is a single bob, the bobs are made between the two first and two last bells, that in thirds place lies still in the bob change, and thenmoves up. The single changes are made when the whole huntleads; the first single change (in Ringing it with any wholehunt and half hunt) may be made at any time when the wholehunt leads, within sixty changes from the beginning of thePeal, accounting the bells as they stand round at the beginning for one of the sixty changes. The single change that is madethe next time the whole hunt leads after a single bob, ismade in fourth and fifths places; and that which is made nextafter a double bob, is made in second and thirds places, thehalf hunt is alwayes one of the two bells which makes everysingle change. If the first single change is made after asingle bob, then the second single change must be made whenthe whole hunt leads next after the third single bob fromthat after which the first single was made; and the same isobserved, in making them after a double bob: there beingalwayes sixty changes from the first to the second singlechange in each Peal. This Peal I have here set down, inwhich I make the treble the whole hunt, the fifth the halfhunt, and the first single change is made when the whole huntcomes to lead next after the first single bob: You may knowthe single change, by the line drawn between the figures;the change next below the line, is the single, as in thefollowing Peal. 12345 13254 31524 35142 53412 35421 53241 35214 53124 51342 15432 14523 41253 42135 24315 23451 32541 23514 32154 31245 13425 ----- 13452 31542 35124 53214 35241 53421 35412 53142 51324 15234 12543 21453 24135 42315 43251 34521 43512 34152 31425 13245 12354 21534 25143 52413 25431 52341 25314 52134 51243 15423 14532 41352 43125 34215 32451 23541 32514 23154 21345 12435 14253 41523 45132 54312 45321 54231 45213 54123 51432 15342 13524 31254 32145 23415 24351 42531 24513 42153 41235 14325 ----- 14352 41532 45123 54213 45231 54321 45312 54132 51423 15243 12534 21354 23145 32415 34251 43521 34512 43152 41325 14235 12453 21543 25134 52314 25341 52431 25413 52143 51234 15324 13542 31452 34125 43215 42351 24531 42513 24153 21435 12345 This Peal may be Rang without making any single changetherein, there are two double changes which may be made tosupply the places of the two single changes; the first ofthese double changes in any Peal may be made any time whenthe whole hunt lies in fourths place hunting up, providedyou make it within sixty changes from the beginning of thePeal. At a double bob, it may be made at either of the twobob changes, by moving the bell which lies in thirds placedown under two bells at once into the trebles place: Nowsuppose it were to be made the first time the whole huntlies in the fourths place hunting up in the Peal next before, which is at a double bob, the bells lie thus, 53412; now thetreble being the whole hunt must move up behind, and thefourth bell being in thirds place, must move down under twobells at once into the trebles place, thus, 45321; or else itmay be made at the next bob change of the double bob, 53241;here the treble must be moved down into fourths place, andthe second bell into trebles place, thus, 25314. It may alsobe made the change next before the single bob, in whichchange it may be made two wayes; viz. Either by moving thebell in thirds place down into trebles place, as in thechanges next before, or else by moving the bell in treblesplace up into thirds place; for instance, two changes beforethe first single bob (as in the Peal before set down) thebells be thus, 24315; now the change may be made, either bymoving the third bell into the trebles place, thus, 32451; orelse the bell that leads up into thirds place, thus, 43251;in both which wayes, the whole hunt is to be moved up behind. There are only two of these double changes to be made ineach Peal: if the first is made at a double bob, then thesecond must be made at the third double bob from it; or ifthe first of them is made at a single bob, then the secondmust be made at the third single bob from that where thefirst was made, there being alwayes just sixty changes fromthe first of these double changes to the second in each Peal. These double changes are the same which in Grandsire bobon six bells, are called true changes; those true changesin Grandsire bob being made by the same rule, and in thesame manner as these are. In all the Peals of Grandsire, wherein the bobs are madewhen the whole hunt is behind (according to the Rules nextbefore set down) the first changes in each Peal must bemade by these Rules following. With these ten Hunts, the first change in each Peal is made by hunting down the whole Hunt. 1, 2 1, 5 2, 1 2, 5 3, 1 3, 4 4, 2 4, 3 B 5, 1 B 5, 3 With these ten Hunts, the first change in each Peal is made by hunting the whole Hunt up. 1, 3 1, 4 2, 3 2, 4 3, 1 3, 5 B 4, 1 4, 5 5, 4 5, 2 Where the letter B stands next to any hunt; the firstchange which that hunt makes, is a bob: But with all theother hunts, the first change in each Peal is made double, either between the four first, or four last bells; yet inmany of them, the first change may be made single, as in1, 2: 1, 5: 2, 1: 2, 3: 2, 5: 3, 5: 4, 3: 4, 5: 5, 2: 5, 3: Before I conclude my directions to this excellent Peal ofGrandsire, I will set down one general Rule for making thesingle changes in any Peal (at places differing from anyof the former Rules) viz. Wheresoever the whole hunt andhalf hunt meets together to make a change (which constantlyhappens every time the whole hunt hunts up, and every time ithunts down in every Peal) the other three bells may lie stillin their places, whil'st the whole hunt and half hunt makesthe change; which being made, the whole hunt, the half hunt, and the other bells are immediately to proceed in theircourse; which single change is as effectual, as those whichare made by the Rules aforesaid. Observing to make the firstsingle change in any Peal, within sixty changes from thebeginning; and the second single change must be made (justsixty changes from the first) between the whole hunt, andhalf hunt, which two bells will in course lie in the sameplaces where the first single change was made. The Seven-score and four on six Bells. This Peal containing Seven-score and four changes, is tobe Rang on six bells, in which, the treble and tenor areboth whole hunts, and the second is half hunt; the wholehunts do both hunt at one and the same time in a directcourse, one up, and the other down; and alwayes when oneof them lies before the bells, the other lies behind them;and when that hunt which lies before the bells, leaves thetrebles place hunting up, the other hunt lying behind, leavesthe tenors place hunting down; each hunt lies only twicetogether before the bells, and twice behind throughout thePeal. The second bell is the half hunt in this following Peal, forthe second, third, fourth and fifth bells make the twenty fourchanges herein; every time the whole hunts come before andbehind the bells, there is one change made in the Twenty-four(which is alwayes once in six changes) the second bell beingthe hunt on the Twenty-four; so that every time it comesbefore or behind the extream bells, there is an extream changeto be made, which in the following Peal is made between thetwo farthest extream bells from the second. I have only setdown part of this Peal, which is sufficient to shew the courseand method thereof. 123456 213465 231645 236145 263415 623451 632451 362415 326145 321645 312465 132456 134256 314265 341625 346125 364215 634251 634521 364512 346152 341652 314562 134526 ------ 143526 413562 431652 436152 463512 643521 643251 463215 436125 431625 413265 143256 142356 412365 421635 At the extream change next before, I have drawn a linebetween the figures, that next below the line is theextream: The aforesaid Peal may be Rang with any otherwhole hunt, or half hunt; and also the Twenty-four changesdoubles and singles, may be made in the room of the plainTwenty-four in the aforesaid Peal. Trebles and Doubles on six Bells. There are many Peals of Trebles and Doubles to be Rang onsix bells, as, Six-score changes, Seven-score and four, Twelve-score, and Seven-hundred and twenty. In each ofwhich Peals, the changes that are made from the time thatthe whole hunt leaves the trebles place hunting up, untilit comes down into that place again, are all made in oneand the same manner, so that the only difference in thesePeals, consists in making the changes when the whole huntleads. These Peals are called Trebles and Doubles, becauseone is a treble change (that is, 3 changes made together, in which all the six bells do change their places, thus, 123456:214365:) and the next is a double change between the4 bells, in the midst, thus, 241635: And in this course thechanges are alwayes made from the time that the whole huntleaves the trebles place hunting up, until it comes downinto the trebles place again; and in Ringing this Peal, 'tis observed, that every bell does hunt in a perfect anddirect course, and be twice together before, and twice behind, until the whole hunt leads. The manner of Ringing the Seven-score and four, is this;the treble and tenor are both whole hunts, and the secondis the half hunt; the first change is a treble change, andthe next a double change, as I shewed you before; in whichcourse they are made, until the treble leads again, and thetenor lie behind; at which time there's a single change tobe made in third and fourths places: But when the half huntlies next to the treble, then the next single change mustbe made in fourths and fifths places, as in this followingPeal, where I have only set down part of it for an example. 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135246 312564 321654 236145 263415 624351 642531 465213 456123 541632 514362 153426 154326 513462 531642 356124 365214 632541 623451 264315 246135 421653 412563 145236 142536 415263 451623 546132 564312 653421 635241 362514 326154 231645 213465 124356 ------ 124536 215463 251643 526134 562314 653241 This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four changes doublesand singles, the second, third, fourth and fifth makes theTwenty-four changes; the second bell is the hunt in theTwenty-four, therefore the extream in the Peal next before, is made between the two farthest extream bells from it whenit lies before them: At the extream changes there's a linedrawn between the figures, but the extreams may be made everytime the second lies behind the extream bells; or else, everytime it lies before and behind them, in the same manner, as Itold you before in my directions to the Twenty-four Doublesand Singles: And this Peal may be also Rang with any otherwhole hunts, or half hunts. In the Six-score Trebles and Doubles, the changes are thesame as in the Peal next before, until the whole hunt leads, at which time (in this Peal) there is a double change to bemade between the four hindmost bells; but when the whole huntleads, and the half hunt lies next to it, then there is asingle change to be made, either between the two nearestbells to the half hunt, or else between the two farthestbells from it; there are but two single changes in the Peal, and the second single change must be made between those twobells which made the first. In this following, the treble isthe whole hunt, and the second the half hunt, and the firstsingle change is made when the bells do lie 124365: which issixty changes from the beginning of the Peal; after the wholehunt has at first hunted up and down again: I have set downonly those changes which are made every time the whole huntleads. 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 ------ 153624 156342 ------ 165432 164523 146253 142635 ------ 124365 ------ 123465 ------ 132645 136254 ------ 163524 165342 156432 154623 ------ 145263 142536 ------ 124356 ------ 123456 The course of the Twelve-score, and the Seven-hundred andtwenty, are both one and the same; for the Twelve-scorechanges, are only part of the Seven-hundred and twenty. There's a whole hunt, a half hunt, a quarter hunt, andthree extream bells in the Seven-hundred and twenty; thechanges are all treble and double (in the same course, asin the Six-score next before set down) until the whole huntleads, and the half hunt lies next to it, at which timethere's a single change to be made in fourth and fifthsplaces: But when the whole hunt leads, and the half huntlies next to it, and the quarter hunt lies next to the halfhunt, then there's an extream to be made, which is a singlechange, and made between the two farthest extream bells fromthe quarter hunt; and by observing this course, you may prickdown, or Ring the Seven-hundred and twenty: But if you wouldonly Ring Twelve-score changes (and then end there, by bringingthe bells round) you must make no extream change at all; forin making every single change in fourth and fifths places, the bells will come round in course at the end of Twelve-scorechanges if you make no extream change to carry the Pealforward. In the following changes, the treble is the wholehunt, the 2 is the half hunt, the 3 the quarter hunt, and the4, 5, and 6, are the extream bells. It being not much materialto set down this Peal at large, therefore after the treble(which is the whole hunt) has hunted twice up and down, Ihave put down only the two changes which are made every timethe treble leads to the end of the Twelve-score, as follows. 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 312546 321456 234165 243615 426351 462531 645213 654123 561432 516342 153624 156342 ------ 165432 164523 ------ 146253 142635 ------ 124365 single 124635 ------ 142365 143256 ------ 134526 135462 ------ 153642 156324 ------ 165234 162543 ------ 126453 single 126543 ------ 162453 164235 ------ 146325 143652 ------ 134562 135426 153246 152364 ------ 125634 single 125364 ------ 152634 156243 ------ 165423 164532 ------ 146352 143625 ------ 134265 132456 ------ 123546 The last change is 123456: which is at the end ofTwelve-score changes; and here you see, that the wholehunt, the half hunt, and quarter hunt, do lie next toeach other before the extream bells; therefore the bellsmay either be brought round, by making the single changein the same place, as those next before, are made thus, 123456: or else, if you would proceed forward to the endof the Seven-hundred and twenty, then the next must be anextream change between the fourth and sixth, which are the2 hindmost bells, thus, 123564: and by observing to make anextream change behind every time the 1, 2, 3, lie togetherbefore the bells, the bells will come round in course at theend of the Seven-hundred and twenty; at the end of everyThree score changes, there's a single change throughout thePeal, and an extream change at the end of every Twelve-score. This Peal (by the Rules aforesaid) may be Rang with any wholehunt, half hunt, and quarter hunt. In this Peal is contained the Six-score changes of OldDoubles on five bells, and also the Twenty-four changesDoubles and Singles on four bells; the half hunt, the quarterhunt, and three extream bells, makes the Six-score changes ofOld Doubles in a perfect course; and the quarter hunt, andthree extream bells, do make the Twenty-four changes Doublesand Singles. Every time the whole hunt leads, there are madetwo changes of the Six-score; and every time the whole huntleads, and the half hunt lies next to it, there are twochanges mades in the Twenty-four. _Grandsire Bob_. On six Bells. In this Peal of Grandsire Bob, there are Seven-hundredand twenty changes, in Ringing of which, there is thesame course, as in Trebles and Doubles (before set down)until the bob-changes come to be made; this Peal may moreproperly be called Trebles and Doubles than the former, because all the changes throughout the Seven-hundredand twenty, are treble and double, except only the twosingle changes: But in Ringing an Eighteen-score (whichis half the Seven-hundred and twenty, and a completePeal of it self) the changes are all treble and doublewithout any single change therein; for you must know, that in any Peal of Grandsire bob, the bells will comeround in course at the end of Eighteen-score changes, if you make no single change to carry it on farther tothe end of the Seven-hundred and twenty. This Peal has a whole hunt, a half hunt, a quarter hunt, andthree extream bells; every bell hunts in a direct course, andlies twice together before, and twice behind, until the wholehunt leads, and then the four hindmost bells do dodge, that is, they make a double change; in which 'tis alwayes observed, that the two bells which lie in third and fifths places (inthe change next before the dodge) are hunting down, and inmaking this double change, each of those bells do dodge withthe bell next above it, that is, they move up over one bell, and then each of them moves directly down; and the two bellsthat lie in fourth and tenors places in the change nextbefore every dodge, are hunting up, and in making the dodgechange, each of those bells do move down under one bell, andthen they move up again in their course, as before; the dodgechanges in all Peals of Trebles and Doubles, are made in thesame manner as these. There are two sorts of bobs in this Peal, viz. A single, and a double Bob; the Rule for making the single bob, isthis, when the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt liesin tenors place, and the quarter hunt in fourths place, the next change is a bob; and when the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies in fifths place, and the quarterhunt in seconds place, then there is a double bob, thatis, two bob-changes; one of which is made the next change, and the other is made the next time the whole hunt leadsafter. The bobs are all double changes, and made in oneand the same manner (i. E. ) the leading bell, and that infourths place, do both lie still, whil'st the two bells insecond and thirds places, and those in fifth and tenorsplaces make the bob-change; and as soon as 'tis made, the bell in fourths place moves directly down. The halfhunt is alwayes one of the two hindmost bells which makesevery bob-change. In Ringing this Peal, there is a Rule observed, wherebythe person that does Ring the quarter hunt, may givenotice of the bobs before they come to be made, withoutwhich it were impossible to Ring it; the Rule is this:In the dodge which is made between the four hindmostbells every time the whole hunt leads, if the half huntand quarter hunt do dodge in fifth and tenors place, thenthe next time the whole hunt leads, there's a single bob;if they dodge in fourth and thirds places, then there'sa double bob that is, two bob-changes, one of which ismade the next time, the whole hunt leads after the dodge, and the other is made the next time the whole hunt leadsafter the former is made: He that does Ring the quarterhunt, may give notice of every bob-change, by saying (Bob)when the whole hunt is going to lead, which is a changenext before the bob is to be made. There are certain Rules very convenient to be known byall that practise to Ring this Peal; (viz. ) he that doesRing the whole hunt, must observe that the bell which hefirst follows when he leaves the trebles place hunting up, he must follow the same bell the next time he lies behind;and the second bell which he follows in hunting up, he mustalso follow the same bell when he next leaves the tenorsplace hunting down; and likewise, the third bell which hefollows in hunting up, he must also follow the same bell whenhe leaves the fifths place hunting down: For instance, in thefirst change of the following Peal, the bells stand thus:214365: here the treble (being the whole hunt) does firstfollow the second, therefore when the treble has hunted up, and lies behind, it follows the second again, as in thischange, 654321: And again, the second change of the followingPeal, is 241635: here the fourth is the second bell, whichthe treble follows in hunting up, therefore he follows thatbell again the next time he leaves the tenors place huntingdown, as in this change, 563412: which course is observedthroughout the Peal. And in Ringing any other bell (besidethe whole Hunt) 'tis observed, that the next time you liebefore the bells after a bob, that bell which you firstfollow in hunting up, you must also follow the same bell whenyou lie behind; and the same bell you must first follow everytime you hunt up, and every time you lie behind, until thenext bob comes to be made, but if the whole hunt is thesecond bell which you follow in hunting up, then you mustfollow the whole Hunt when you lie behind; and the next timeyou lead, and lie behind, you must follow the former bell asbefore, until the bobs come to be made; and after the bobs, the course is the same (though you do not follow the samebell) as before. These Rules and Directions before set down, are to beobserved in Ringing any Peal of Grandsire bob with anywhole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt: An Example Ihave here set down, wherein the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, as in these following changes. 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 312546 321456 234165 243615 426351 462531 645213 654123 561432 516342 153624 156342 513624 531264 352146 325416 234561 243651 426315 462135 641253 614523 165432 ------ 156423 514632 541362 453126 435216 342561 324651 236415 263145 621354 612534 165243 162534 615243 651423 564132 546312 453621 435261 342516 324156 231465 213645 126354 123645 216354 261534 625143 652413 564231 546321 453612 435162 341526 314256 132465 134256 312465 321645 236154 263514 625341 652431 564213 546123 451632 415362 143526 ------ 134562 315426 351246 532164 523614 256341 265431 624513 642153 461235 416325 143652 ------ 134625 316452 361542 635124 653214 562341 526431 254613 245163 421536 412356 143265 142356 413265 431625 346152 364512 635421 653241 562314 526134 251643 215463 124536 125463 214536 241356 423165 432615 346251 364521 635412 653142 561324 516234 152643 156234 512643 521463 254136 245316 423561 432651 346215 364125 631452 613542 165324 163542 615324 651234 562143 526413 254631 245361 423516 432156 341265 314625 136452 ------ 163425 614352 641532 465123 456213 542631 524361 253416 235146 321564 312654 136245 132654 316245 361425 634152 643512 465321 456231 542613 524163 251436 215346 123564 125346 213564 231654 326145 362415 634251 643521 465312 456132 541623 514263 152436 154263 512436 521346 253164 235614 326541 362451 634215 643125 461352 416532 145623 ------ 154632 516423 561243 652134 625314 263541 236451 324615 342165 431256 413526 145362 ------ 154326 513462 531642 356124 365214 632541 623451 264315 246135 421653 412563 145236 142563 415236 451326 543162 534612 356421 365241 632514 623154 261345 216435 124653 126435 214653 241563 425136 452316 543261 534621 356412 365142 631524 613254 162345 163254 612345 621435 264153 246513 425631 452361 543216 534126 351462 315642 136524 135642 316524 361254 632145 623415 264351 246531 425613 452163 541236 514326 153462 ------ 135426 314562 341652 436125 463215 642351 624531 265413 256143 521634 512364 153246 152364 513246 531426 354162 345612 436521 463251 642315 624135 261453 216543 125634 126543 215634 251364 523146 532416 354261 345621 436512 463152 641325 614235 162453 164235 612453 621543 265134 256314 523641 532461 354216 345126 431562 413652 146325 ------ 164352 613425 631245 362154 326514 235641 253461 524316 542136 451263 415623 146532 ------ 164523 615432 651342 563124 536214 352641 325461 234516 243156 421365 412635 146253 142635 416253 461523 645132 654312 563421 536241 352614 325164 231546 213456 124365 Here are just Eighteen-Score changes already made, andthe bells may either be brought round in their places, by making a dodg-change behind (according to the commoncourse), thus, 124365 123456 but to have proceeded forward in the 720, the last shouldhave been a single change in third and fourths places, thus, 124365 123465 the single change being made, all the following changesto the end of the 720 are to be made, by the same rule andcourse as those before set down, the last change of the720 being also a single change, and to be made in the sameplace, and between those two bells which made the formersingle, thus, 124356 123456 which single change brings the bells round in their rightplaces at the end of the 720. This Peal of Grandsire bob may be Rang with any wholeHunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; but there being somedifficulty in beginning many of the Peals, I have thereforeset down Directions for beginning each Peal, as follows. 1. 2. 4 1. 2. 5 1. 3. 2 2. 3. 6 1. 4. 6 1. 5. 3 1. 5. 4 1. 6. 3 In Ringing Grandsire bob with any of these eight Hunts, the first changes in each Peal are to be made in the same manner, as those in the Peal before set down, until the first bob in each Peal comes to be made. 1. 2. 3 1. 2. 6 1. 3. 5 1. 4. 2 1. 4. 5 With these five Hunts, the first change in each Peal is a dodge between the four hindmost bells: thus, 123456 124365 Each three figures that stand together next before, dorepresent a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and quarter Hunt:for instance, the uppermost figures in the first Column, are 1. 2. 4. There the treble is the whole Hunt, the secondthe half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, and so ofthe rest. In making the treble the whole Hunt, the fifth the halfHunt, and the sixth the quarter Hunt; the first changeis a dodge between the four hindmost bells, in which thehalf and quarter Hunt do dodge together in fifth and tenorsplaces, therefore the next time the whole hunt comes beforethe bells, there's a single bob. In ringing treble, tenor, and fifth, the whole Hunt movesup the first change, thus 214365, and so on in the commoncourse until it comes next before the bells, at which timethere's a single bob. In ringing treble, fourth, and third, the whole Hunt movesup the first change, thus, 214365, and so forward in thecommon course, until it leads again; at which time there'sa bob-change to be made, and another the next time the wholeHunt leads after that, it being a double bob. In ringing treble, third, and fourth, the first is adodge-change between the four hindmost bells, in which thehalf Hunt and quarter Hunt do dodge together in third andfourths places, therefore a double bob is next to be made, one of which bob-changes is the next time the whole Huntleads, and the other the next following. In ringing treble, fifth, and second, the first is a bob-change; and the nexttime the whole Hunt leads, there's another bob-change, itbeing a double bob. In Ringing treble, sixth, and second, and treble, sixth, and fourth, the first change in each of these two Pealsis a bob. 2. 4. 6 5. 3. 4 6. 1. 2 5. 3. 1 With these four Hunts, the first change is treble, and the next double, thus, 214365, and so on, till the whole Hunt leads. 3. 5. 2 4. 6. 2 6. 2. 1 2. 3. 5 6. 3. 5 With these five Hunts, the first change must be made between the four bells in the midst, thus, 132546. In Ringing tenor, treble, and second, there's a singlebob the first time the whole Hunt comes before the bells. In all Peals of Grandsire bob, where the first change iseither a bob, or a dodge between the four hindmost bells, or else a double change between the four bells in the midst, it must be made at the back-stroke of the bells, otherwisethe Peal would cut compass all the way, that is, every bellwould come to lead at the back-stroke. In the Eighteen-score changes before set down, there's aline drawn between the figures at every bob, the changesnext below each line is a bob-change. In the Seven-hundred and twenty changes of Grandsire bob, there are two single changes to be made. The first singlechange in any Peal is most commonly made as near the end ofEighteen-score changes (from the beginning) as may be, and'tis the best way, and most convenient: For instance, sometimesit happens that one or more of those persons who do Ring thisPeal, may be weary before they have Rang Eighteen-score changes, therefore upon notice given, the single change may be forborn, and then the bells will in course come round at the end ofEighteen-score changes, making a complete Peal; but after thefirst single change is made, the bells cannot be broughtround in course, until the Seven-hundred and twenty are allmade. There is great variety in making the single changes ineach Peal, which may be made at divers places (viz. ) The first single change in any Peal may be made the secondtime the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of thefirst or second double bobs, at which places the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, do alwayes lie together beforethe bells, and the single change is to be made in third andfourths places. The first single change in any Peal may also be made thesecond time the whole Hunt leads after the first or secondsingle bobs, at which place the whole Hunt and half Huntdo alwayes lie together before the bells; and the quarterHunt lies behind, therefore it must be made between thetwo hindmost bells. Or if the first bob in any Peal is a double bob, thenthe first single change may be made the second time thewhole Hunt leads after the third double bob in that Peal, at which place the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Huntdo lie together before the bells, and the single is madein third and fourths places. Or if the first bob in any Peal is a single bob, then thefirst single change may be made the second time the wholeHunt leads after the third single bob, where the whole Huntand half Hunt do alwayes lie together before the bells, and the quarter Hunt behind, therefore the single changemust be made behind. The first single change in any Peal may also be made eitherat the first, second, or third single bobs, at which placesthe whole Hunt leads, the half Hunt lies in tenors place, and the quarter Hunt in fourths place, therefore it mustbe made behind. The first single change in any Peal may also be made thenext time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change ofthe first or second double bobs, at which place the wholeHunt, and quarter Hunt do alwayes lie together before thebells, and the half Hunt in fourths place, therefore thesingle change must be made in third and fourths places. And in most Peals, the first single change may be made thenext time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change ofthe third double bob; and in some Peals, the first singlechange may be made the second time the whole Hunt leads afterthe third double bob (nothwithstanding the first bob-changein that Peal is a single bob, as in the Eighteen-score treble, second and fourth before set down) which falls out accordingas the first bob change happens to be made either nearer thebeginning of the Peal, or farther from it; for in some Peals, the bells will come round in course the next time the wholeHunt leads after the last bob-change of the third double bob. And in many Peals, the bells will come round at the fore-strokethe second time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-changeof the third double bob, &c. There are two single changes in every Seven-hundred andtwenty, which are alwayes made when the whole Hunt leads, the last single change in every Peal being constantly madejust Eighteen-score changes from the first; for making ofwhich, observe these Rules. If the first single change (in any Peal) is made thesecond time the whole Hunt leads after a double bob, thenthe second single change must be made the second time thewhole Hunt leads after the third double bob, accountingfrom the place where the first single change was made. If the first single change in any Peal is made the secondtime the whole Hunt leads after a single bob, then the secondsingle change must be made the second time the whole Huntleads after the third single bob, accounting from the placewhere the first single change was made. Or if the first singlechange is made at a single bob, then the second single changemust be made at the third single bob, accounting from theplace where the first single change was made. The second single change in every Peal must be made betweenthose two bells, and in the same place where the first singlechange was made; and the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarterHunt, will in course lie in the same places at the secondsingle change, where they lay at the first: either the halfHunt, or quarter Hunt, are alwayes one of the two bells whichmakes every single change. But there are many other wayes tomake the single changes, viz. To make them between the halfHunt, and quarter Hunt, at any dodge, where those two bellsdo dodge together next before a bob, &c. Of which I need notsay any thing more in this place, having already set downall those wayes which are most easie and convenient to bepractised. In Ringing this Peal of Grandsire bob, (with any wholeHunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt) if there's no singlechange made within Eighteen-score changes from thebeginning of the Peal, the bells will in course come roundin their right places, just at the end of Eighteen-scorechanges. In any Peal of Grandsire bob, where the first is a doublechange, and made at the back-stroke, the last change of thePeal (which brings the bells round in their right places)is a treble change, and made at the fore-stroke. The Seven-hundred and twenty changes of Grandsire Bob maybe Rang without making any single change therein, which wayof Ringing it, is call'd _Grandsire Bob True_: that is, the changes are all true trebles and doubles without anysingle change therein. There are made two double changes(contrary to the course of all the double changes in thePeal) to supply the place of the two single changes, whichtwo are called True changes; and to be made divers wayes, and at several places. The first true change in any Peal maybe made at the first, second, or third double bobs eitherat the first or second bob-change of each. At the firstbob-change of any double bob it may be made, by moving theBell in fourths place down under two Bells at once into theseconds place, and the two hindmost Bells must make a changeat the same time: for Example, in the Eighteen-score oftreble, second and fourth before set down, at the firstbob-change of the first double Bob, the Bells stand thus, 143526. Now the true change is made, by moving the Bell whichlies in fourths place down under two Bells at once intoseconds place, and the two hindmost Bells are at the sametime to make a change thus, 154362. At this place it may bemade another way, by moving the hindmost Bell down under twoBells at once into the fourths place, and the two Bells insecond and thirds places are at the same time to make achange thus, 134652. At the last Bob-change of each doubleBob, it may also be made two wayes; one of which, is to movethe Bell in fourths down into the seconds place, and the twohindmost Bells at the same time to make a change, as I shewedyou before: But the best and easiest way is to move the bellwhich lies in fourths place up over two bells at once intothe tenors place, and the two bells in second and thirdsplaces to make a change as at a bob: for instance, at thelast bob-change of the first double bob in the Eighteen-scorebefore set down, the figures stand thus, 143652. Now the bellin fourths place must be moved up behind, and the two bellsin second and thirds places are to make a change, 134526. Thesecond True change in every Peal must be made just Eighteen-scorechanges from the first, in making of which, these Rules are tobe observed. If the first true change in any Peal is made at thefirst bob-change of a double bob, then the second true changemust be made at the first bob-change of the third double bob, accounting from the place where the first true change ismade, but not reckoning that for one of the three: or if thefirst true change is made at the last bob-change of a doublebob, then the second true change must be made at the lastbob-change of the third double bob, accounting from the placewhere the first true change was made, but not reckoning thatfor one of the three. And the second true change in everyPeal must be made in the same manner and place as the first, the true and single changes in Grandsire bob, are both to oneand the same effect (i. E. ) to alter the course of the extreambells; for in making these changes, the whole hunt, halfhunt, and quarter hunt are to continue their constant coursewithout variation, neither of those 3 bells being any otherwiseconcerned therein, than at the change which should have beenmade, if the single or true change had been forborn. There is another way to Ring this Peal of Grandsire Bob, by a course differing from the former. When the whole Huntleads, the half Hunt lies in fifths place, and the quarterHunt in fourths place, then the next change is a single bob;and when the whole Hunt leads, and the half Hunt lies infifths place, and the quarter Hunt in thirds place, then thenext change is the first bob-change of a double bob; the bobsand dodge-changes herein are made in the same manner, asthose in the former way: But the bobs herein are called by aRule differing from the former, viz. When the whole Hunt andhalf Hunt do lie together before the bells, and the quarterHunt (lying in fourths place) dodges with the bell in thirdsplace, then the second time the whole Hunt comes before thebells (from that place) there is made the first bob-change ofa double bob, the second bob-change being made the next timethe whole Hunt leads after. When the whole Hunt and halfHunt, do lie together before the bells, and the quarter Hunt(lying in fifths place) dodges with the bell in tenors place, then the second time the whole Hunt leads (from that place)is made a single bob. There are two single changes in the Seven-hundred andtwenty, the first single change in any Peal may be made atthe first, second, or third single bobs, at which placesit must be made between the 2 hindmost bells; or the firstsingle change may be made the next time the whole Hunt leadsafter the first, second, or third single bobs, at whichplaces 'tis alwayes made between the two hindmost bells. Thefirst single change may also be made the next time the wholeHunt leads after the last bob-change of the first, second, orthird double bobs, where it must alwayes be made in third andfourths places. But in some few Peals it happens, that thebells will come round at the fore-stroke the next time thewhole Hunt leads after the third single bob, and also afterthe last bob-change of the third double bob, which falls outaccording as the first bob-change in each Peal is made, either nearer the beginning, or farther off. The second single change (in every Peal) must be madeEighteen-score changes from the first, in making of which, these Rules must be observed. If the first single change is made at a single bob, thenthe second single change must be made at the third singlebob from the place where the first was made. Or if the firstsingle change is made the next time the whole Hunt leadsafter a single bob, then the second single change must bemade the next time the whole Hunt leads after the thirdsingle bob, accounting from the place where the first singlechange was made. And the same Rule is observed in making itafter a double bob. The second single change in every Peal must be made inthe same place, and between those two bells which madethe first single change: But (in Ringing this Peal) ifyou make no single change, the bells will in course comeround at the end of Eighteen-score changes. The way to begin several of these Peals, is as follows. In Ringing treble, third, and fifth; and second, third, andfifth; and also third, fifth, and second; the first changeis treble, and the next double, and so forward in the commoncourse of trebles and doubles, until the first Bob in eachcomes to be made. In treble, second and third, the firstchanges are treble and double in the common course; and thesecond time the treble leads, there's a double Bob. In treble, tenor and second, the first changes are treble and double inthe common course; and the second time the treble leads, there's a single Bob. In treble, second and fifth, the firstchange is a dodge between the four hindmost Bells; and thesecond time the treble leads, there's a single Bob. In second, fourth and tenor, the first change is made between the 4Bells in the midst. In treble, second and fourth, the firstchange is a dodge behind; and the second time the trebleleads, there's a double Bob. Changes on eight Bells. There are 40320 several changes on 8 bells, which to Ringit is altogether impossible; the greatest Peal that everwas Rang on 8 Bells, is 1680, being only a third part ofthe changes on seven Bells, which are to be Rang with awhole Hunt, half Hunt, quarter Hunt, half quarter Hunt(for so you may term it) and three extream Bells: Butthe most complete and musical Peal that ever was Rang oneight Bells, is Grandsire Bob, treble, second and fifth, Half-pulls, on 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. The fourth and the tenor lyingbehind every change, thus, 123567, 48. Which has of latebeen practised by the _Colledge-Youths_, and excellentlywell performed by them. Grandsire, and Tendring Six-scoreon eight Bells makes good Musick, 7. 4. 8. Lying behind everychange: And a Six-score (four extreams) on the six Bells inthe midst, the treble leading all the way, and the tenorlying behind, making a change at first between the 4 and 5, and then proceeds forwards in the Six-score, making thesecond the whole Hunt, and the seventh the half Hunt, itmakes excellent Musick; but after the Six-score changes aremade, the fourth and fifth must change their places again tobring the Bells round. 35678, 241 12357, 864 12357, 468 12357, 648 12356, 748 34567, 218 45678, 321 12368, 574 The most musical Peals that are commonly Rang on eightBells, are these Six-scores on five, the other three Bellslying behind every change: For example, the uppermost fig. Are 35678, 241. Here the 35678, makes the Six-score changes, 3 the whole hunt, and 8 the half Hunt, or any others, and241. Strikes behind every change, in the same order as theynow lie, and so of the rest. The three Bells which are tolie behind, must first be hunted up one after the other inorder, before any of the Six-score changes are made. TheSeven-score and four on the six middle Bells, the trebleleading, and the tenor lying behind every change, makesgood Musick. Of Hanging Bells. First, for the Stock, much need not be said, but ofplacing the Cannons or Crown of the Bell into it, whichis called _Hanging of a Bell_, I shall speak something:First, find out whether the Cannons be upright and true, then raise the Bell up by some Rope tyed to the Cannons, and so that the Bell hang level, which you may find, byapplying a Plumet to the brim, then fasten a string to theCrown-staple within the Bell, then (a Plumet being tyedto the other end of the string) if the string hang in themidst between the two sides of the Bell whereon the Clappershould strike, the Crown-staple is cast into the Bell true:Now when you have hung the Bell, and let the Gudgeons in trueby Keys (for therein consists the main point of the going ofa Bell) then if the Clapper hang in the midst between the twostriking sides, and the Stock stand upright, the Bell is wellhung. If a Bell have a longer stroke on the one side, thanthe other, truss up that side which hath the short strokemore, or let the other side down, and put a piece or twoof Leather in, according to the stroke; but sometimes thefault of the stroke is in the Sally, which you may remedy, by tying the Fillet (or little Cord about the rim of theWheel, which causeth the dancing of the Rope) nearer, orfarther off the main Spoke; nearer makes a short stroke, farther off the Spoke, a long one. And observe, that the trussing or taking up of a great Bellfar into the Stock by a notch, makes the Bell go easier, and lie lighter at hand (that is) when it is set, for thefarther the brim of the Bell is from the centre of gravity, the heavier it is: Now the centre of gravity is a supposedline drawn through the Stock from one Gudgeon to the other;but note, if you truss a Bell up, that the Crown-staplebe much above the Gudgeons, you must fasten a false Eye tothe Crown-staple, and to this false Eye hang the Clapper, otherwise it will not strike so freely: Now small Bellsmust be trussed up short, for else the Bell hanging low, and fetching a great Compass in the swing, and having butlittle Compass in the brim, the Clapper keeps along by theside of the Bell, and gives no blow at all; but being hungshort, the Bell fetches a quick and short Compass, equalto the bigness of the brim, and the Clapper strikes well. Now for the tempering of the Gudgeons, I leave it to thejudgment of the Workman; but a word or two of the polishingof it. After it is filed, or turned exactly round, taketwo pieces of Oak, and oyl one side of each, and strew fineSand thereon, and clap them in a Smiths Vice, with the roundof the Gudgeon between, then turn it about, until you thinkit is sufficiently polished, then oyl the sides of the piecesof Oak wherein there is no Sand, and so clap them in a Vice, with the Gudgeon between, as before, then turn it round, andit will polish the Gudgeon wonderful smooth; and if theBrasses are likewise well polished, the Bell will go aswell at the first, as ever: Now by the neglect of this, theroughness of the Gudgeon will wear the Brasses so unequally, that the Bell will never go smooth and steddy. Now I would advise all Bell hangers to hang Bells withbolts of Iron to come from the Cannons through the Stock, and to fasten them with Keys at the top of the Stock, andnot with plates nailed on the sides; for they are mightyinconvenient to fasten a bell that is loose in the Stock, or to alter the stroke. As for the Rowle, let it not be without, nor within thehollow of the side of the Wheel; nor above, nor below thehollow at the bottom of the Wheel. Now the bigger a Wheelis, if the Frame will permit, the bell will go the better;when the wheel is new, nail Stays from the Stock to eachSpoke, to keep it from warping. 'Tis very convenient (if the Frame will permit) to fasten apiece of Timber about half a foot long on the end of themain Spoke at the top of the Wheel (whereon the end of thebell-rope is fastned) with a notch on the end of it; so atthe setting of the bell, the Rope will hit into that notchfrom the Rowle, and this will make the bell lie easier athand when it is set, and flie better. FINIS.